https://rodnieoro.com/home daily 0.75 2026-11-12 https://rodnieoro.com/home/cerebral-embolic-protection monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a3557db1-7228-4dff-a4d2-9c20a66662d3/cerebral-embolic-protection-anatomy-debris-aortic-valve-travel-brain.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Debris from the aortic valve can travel to the brain during TAVI: (1) brachiocephalic artery; (2) left common carotid; (3) left subclavian, which gives the left vertebral; (4) aortic valve. Debris from the aortic valve can travel to the brain during TAVI: (1) brachiocephalic artery; (2) left common carotid; (3) left subclavian, which gives the left vertebral; (4) aortic valve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/71a192da-8ad8-4081-91c7-17eea96c033c/cerebral-embolic-protection-preparation-tavi-heart-team-decides-filter.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Before TAVI with embolic protection: the heart team decides if a filter will be used; CT checks the arch and arm arteries; the right wrist is kept free of cannulas; filter first, then the TAVI. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2cbe14ff-c078-4c97-8a0c-41a100e28f94/cerebral-embolic-protection-access-sheath-right-radial-artery-proximal.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) sheath in the right radial artery; (2) proximal filter in the brachiocephalic artery; (3) distal filter in the left common carotid; (4) the left subclavian, not covered by most systems. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c3c5640f-31de-4e3d-ac18-cf086d411ddb/cerebral-embolic-protection-steps-catheter-right-wrist-brachiocephalic-artery.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide A: catheter from the right wrist into the brachiocephalic artery. B: proximal filter opened. C: distal filter steered into the left common carotid. D: after the TAVI, filters closed and removed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1699cbef-1fbd-4fb5-9cfa-29d0cd811363/cerebral-embolic-protection-recovery-tavi-wrist-groin-rhythm-stroke.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide After TAVI with embolic protection: (1) wrist, groin, rhythm and stroke checks; (2) echo and ECG the next day; (3) home for most in 1 to 3 days; (4) TAVI clinic and echo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a3884696-6411-43ff-9fb2-9d7b718b5dcb/cerebral-embolic-protection-kit-dual-filter-system.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Dual-filter protection system. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a5c25729-c51f-4c29-ab4e-8d7b351f4b7e/cerebral-embolic-protection-kit-radial-artery-sheath.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Radial artery sheath. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/00d090e9-94e5-4ba9-86e2-6cc1de299097/cerebral-embolic-protection-kit-contrast-syringe.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Contrast syringe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f0deda49-39eb-4c38-a7f3-61f96fae2ad4/cerebral-embolic-protection-kit-tavi.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide TAVI kit as usual. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/58801b98-0b88-44cd-a4db-1e15594185e7/cerebral-embolic-protection-kit-contrast.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Contrast. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2913ef2b-2a63-41bb-a4c9-24e5efdc5ad4/cerebral-embolic-protection-kit-guidewire.jpg Guides - Cerebral embolic protection during TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Guidewire. https://rodnieoro.com/home/redo-tavi monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2832be92-0860-4126-903e-07263768d988/redo-tavi-anatomy-failing-valve-thick-stiff-leaking.jpg Guides - Redo TAVI (TAV-in-TAV) and coronary access after TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide (1) A failing TAVI valve: thick, stiff or leaking leaflets inside the frame. (2) The risk with a second valve: the old leaflets are pinned upwards and can seal off a coronary artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9ec95946-cb37-4eb9-a360-66229a89783e/redo-tavi-preparation-echo-why-valve-has-failed.jpg Guides - Redo TAVI (TAV-in-TAV) and coronary access after TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Before redo TAVI: echo shows why the valve has failed; CT plans the old frame, leaflets and coronary risk; medicine advice; extra kit ready if leaflet splitting is planned. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f290943f-aa3e-44c0-acfd-a8119d978d4c/redo-tavi-access-new-valve-placed-inside-old.jpg Guides - Redo TAVI (TAV-in-TAV) and coronary access after TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) the new valve is placed inside the old one; (2) aorta; (3) large sheath in the femoral artery. Extra arterial access may be used for coronary protection or leaflet splitting. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/eac1b16a-f18a-487a-8254-4b49b1c31521/redo-tavi-steps-cross-old-valve-place-stiff.jpg Guides - Redo TAVI (TAV-in-TAV) and coronary access after TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide A: cross the old valve and place a stiff wire in the left ventricle. B: split a leaflet if CT shows coronary risk. C: deploy the new valve inside the old frame. D: check the valve and coronary flow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1dfb4eae-2090-44d2-b10c-a872655eaacb/redo-tavi-recovery-groin-rhythm-blood-pressure-checks.jpg Guides - Redo TAVI (TAV-in-TAV) and coronary access after TAVI: a Cath Lab 101 guide After redo TAVI: (1) groin, rhythm and blood pressure checks; (2) echo and ECG the next day; (3) home for most in 1 to 3 days; (4) echo, clinic and a card with valve details. https://rodnieoro.com/home/tavi-aortic-regurgitation monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f5f899c8-dd6c-4027-a655-4d635c3c7896/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-anatomy-stenosis-calcium-gives-standard-valve.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - (1) In aortic stenosis, calcium gives a standard valve something to grip. (2) In aortic regurgitation the leaflets are soft with little calcium and the root is often wide, so blood leaks back into the left ventricle. (1) In aortic stenosis, calcium gives a standard valve something to grip. (2) In aortic regurgitation the leaflets are soft with little calcium and the root is often wide, so blood leaks back into the left ventricle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/510b326e-9c4e-438b-afc6-59a9b6e8162b/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-access-valve-system-root-aorta-round.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Access: (1) valve system at the aortic root; (2) aorta, round the arch; (3) large sheath in the femoral artery. Other routes are used if the leg arteries are not suitable. Access: (1) valve system at the aortic root; (2) aorta, round the arch; (3) large sheath in the femoral artery. Other routes are used if the leg arteries are not suitable. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c0df0991-11f7-4e20-be2f-3f27fe48f9dc/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-steps-cross-stiff-wire-looped-left.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - A: cross with a stiff wire looped in the left ventricle. B: arms open into the sinuses behind the leaflets. C: deploy, holding the native leaflets between the arms and the frame. D: check with echo and an aortogram. A: cross with a stiff wire looped in the left ventricle. B: arms open into the sinuses behind the leaflets. C: deploy, holding the native leaflets between the arms and the frame. D: check with echo and an aortogram. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b4a8bb6b-8e78-4850-a6d6-b235e4d49274/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-recovery-groin-rhythm-blood-pressure-checks.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - After TAVI for aortic regurgitation: (1) groin, rhythm and blood pressure checks; (2) echo, ECG and walking the next day; (3) home for most in 1 to 3 days; (4) echo and clinic follow-up. After TAVI for aortic regurgitation: (1) groin, rhythm and blood pressure checks; (2) echo, ECG and walking the next day; (3) home for most in 1 to 3 days; (4) echo and clinic follow-up. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8da5758f-3afe-4089-ac8c-b2b42a0722e6/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-kit-pigtail-catheter.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Pigtail catheter. Pigtail catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/84a97525-ea72-48a0-a15c-c418f864fd51/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-kit-femoral-closure-devices.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Femoral closure devices. Femoral closure devices. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4e576cbd-3eb3-455a-8e19-ed63bb1df838/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-kit-large-bore-femoral-sheath.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Large-bore femoral sheath. Large-bore femoral sheath. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e737b7fe-33e9-4cca-bd1b-869a90185680/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-kit-pigtail-catheter-2.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Pigtail catheter. Pigtail catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/33a79921-3108-4d3d-b413-c7cb729710a2/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-kit-toe-transthoracic-echo.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - TOE or transthoracic echo. TOE or transthoracic echo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f43582c3-6c89-4b14-80ce-aab375bfbaa6/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-kit-large-bore-femoral-sheath-2.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Large-bore femoral sheath. Large-bore femoral sheath. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d1655622-a694-428b-b202-9d21d6ce41d4/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-kit-temporary-pacing-wire.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Temporary pacing wire. Temporary pacing wire. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c7f51c90-afee-4980-ae64-240a772ef6d4/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-kit-dedicated-valve-delivery-system.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Dedicated AR valve and delivery system. Dedicated AR valve and delivery system. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d474aabd-9e43-4b61-b95b-7a6b5a0bb405/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-kit-echo.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Echo. Echo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a4ba30fa-c116-4e0c-8363-81834a8eaeda/tavi-aortic-regurgitation-kit-pre-shaped-stiff-wire.jpg Guides - TAVI for aortic regurgitation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Pre-shaped stiff LV wire. Pre-shaped stiff LV wire. https://rodnieoro.com/home/cardiomems monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/999de576-6619-400b-a348-d9993f1f1f0f/cardiomems-anatomy-small-sensor-ringed-sits-branch.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide A small sensor (ringed) sits in a branch of the left pulmonary artery. Pressure there rises days to weeks before heart failure symptoms get worse. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ed480dcb-17f1-4fc9-9bb9-69a0be265fce/cardiomems-preparation-implant-heart-failure-team-review.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide Before a CardioMEMS implant: heart failure team review and consent; advice on blood thinners and medicines; checks and local anaesthetic on the day; a right heart catheter first. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ab90adc8-d7aa-4c81-9bd8-438435d28836/cardiomems-access-catheter-lower-branch-left-pulmonary.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) catheter in a lower branch of the left pulmonary artery; (2) right ventricle and pulmonary artery; (3) right atrium; (4) sheath in the femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9faf7827-929a-4179-96bf-8aef967978b3/cardiomems-steps-pressures-angiogram-choose-branch-wire.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide A: pressures and angiogram choose the branch. B: wire in the branch. C: the sensor is released. D: its reading is calibrated against catheter pressure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/00637cca-b7bb-4570-8e37-b3671777b9fe/cardiomems-recovery-implant-groin-rhythm-breathing-checks.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide After a CardioMEMS implant: (1) groin, rhythm and breathing checks; (2) home the same or next day; (3) a short reading on the pillow every day; (4) the team reviews readings and adjusts medicines. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/03bfe9f1-cada-46e1-b877-431f699e48fd/cardiomems-kit-pressure-transducer.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide Pressure transducer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0f7d00c5-6ad2-4cf3-83fe-68791f32cd2f/cardiomems-kit-home-reading-unit-pillow.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide Home reading unit and pillow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9de52acc-a1d3-4ead-b9bb-9b44b2295286/cardiomems-kit-sensor-delivery-catheter.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide Sensor on its delivery catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/49e5c5db-48b3-4db8-b3fb-9f6801870e49/cardiomems-kit-venous-sheath.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide Venous sheath. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9d9cd024-37a5-43d2-80c4-3faccddc58e3/cardiomems-kit-balloon-tipped-pulmonary-artery-catheter.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide Balloon-tipped pulmonary artery catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/60b3747f-166c-46a6-b913-3ce5ac94c296/cardiomems-kit-contrast-syringe.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide Contrast syringe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f9118724-3d25-4af9-bafb-6c5e4f1dcc47/cardiomems-kit-contrast.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide Contrast. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8db8c558-6c3d-450a-9e4a-adee21bfa8da/cardiomems-kit-guidewire.jpg Guides - CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor: a Cath Lab 101 guide Guidewire. https://rodnieoro.com/home/lima-subclavian monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9c737f2a-9c5e-475a-8e00-996a0bca352a/lima-subclavian-anatomy-left-artery-runs-arm-narrowing.jpg Guides - Internal mammary angiography and subclavian stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide (1) The left subclavian artery runs to the arm; (2) a narrowing at its origin; (3) the LIMA graft runs from the subclavian to the LAD; (4) the vertebral artery runs to the brain. A narrowing before the LIMA can starve the graft or even reverse its flow (steal). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/fbb3de00-c2ef-45af-afd5-f96d72785e19/lima-subclavian-preparation-mammary-angiography-blood-pressure-both.jpg Guides - Internal mammary angiography and subclavian stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide Before mammary and subclavian angiography: blood pressure in both arms and consent; surgical notes on which grafts and which side; checks and a cannula on the day; awake with local anaesthetic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a11d9444-3f3b-44f9-ad05-d85ee263daf5/lima-subclavian-access-ima-catheter-opening-left-artery.jpg Guides - Internal mammary angiography and subclavian stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) IMA catheter at the LIMA opening; (2) left subclavian artery; (3) catheter from the groin, or from the left wrist. The right wrist is often used for a right mammary (RIMA) graft. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c761dc7e-d206-4715-b10c-033f52ac23c5/lima-subclavian-imaging-selective-injection-graft-filling-down.jpg Guides - Internal mammary angiography and subclavian stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide Illustration, not a real scan: (1) selective LIMA injection, the graft filling down to the LAD; (2) a subclavian narrowing near its origin from the aorta. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c4f2db3e-2873-4fed-82ed-a67c97208139/lima-subclavian-steps-catheter-wire-past-opening-ima.jpg Guides - Internal mammary angiography and subclavian stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide A: catheter and wire into the subclavian, past the LIMA opening. B: the IMA catheter hooks into the LIMA opening. C: selective injection fills the graft down to the LAD. D: subclavian check; a narrowing can steal flow from the graft. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8e4e109b-3933-428c-b167-932a6e46138d/lima-subclavian-recovery-mammary-angiography-wrist-groin-rhythm.jpg Guides - Internal mammary angiography and subclavian stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide After mammary and subclavian angiography: (1) wrist or groin, rhythm and blood pressure checks; (2) home the same day for most; (3) no heavy lifting with the wrist or leg used for a few days; (4) results explained, with referral for stenting if needed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b5a81653-f61a-481c-ad3c-89872cb9bb8f/lima-subclavian-kit-diagnostic-catheters-aortic-arch-artery.jpg Guides - Internal mammary angiography and subclavian stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide Diagnostic catheters for the aortic arch and subclavian artery. https://rodnieoro.com/home/exercise-rhc monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/95dd1202-1866-45bb-832c-1785615c399e/exercise-rhc-anatomy-rest-pressure-left-side-heart.jpg Guides - Exercise and fluid-challenge right heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide (1) At rest the pressure in the left side of the heart is normal. (2) With exercise or fluid a stiff heart cannot relax to take the extra blood and the pressure rises. (3) The pressure backs up into the lungs, causing breathlessness. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/89819d4f-5162-4ae6-938e-c90aa96e1b8b/exercise-rhc-preparation-right-heart-catheterisation-echo-tests.jpg Guides - Exercise and fluid-challenge right heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide Before exercise right heart catheterisation: echo, tests and consent; medicine advice, including water tablets; comfortable clothes, checks and a cannula on the day; awake with local anaesthetic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/07a8a5c1-6637-4017-b9d8-d42cb8f121ec/exercise-rhc-access-catheter-pulmonary-artery-right-ventricle.jpg Guides - Exercise and fluid-challenge right heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) catheter in the pulmonary artery; (2) right ventricle; (3) sheath in a neck or arm vein, which leaves the legs free to pedal. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/382c7667-d0d8-4227-87b8-ccee2b80e653/exercise-rhc-steps-zero-transducer-level-heart-record.jpg Guides - Exercise and fluid-challenge right heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide A: zero the transducer level with the heart and record resting values. B: exercise lying down, with the load increased in stages. C: breathing makes the trace swing, so readings are taken at end-expiration. D: or a fluid challenge, with saline given quickly and the pressures measured again. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/61d19af7-865b-485a-9b1a-e76b7ae18eb8/exercise-rhc-imaging-trace-recording-during-wedge-pressure.jpg Guides - Exercise and fluid-challenge right heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide Illustrated trace, not a real recording: during exercise the wedge pressure swings with each breath; readings are taken at the end of breathing out, and movement artefact is watched for. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bda3876b-197f-400c-8188-bc49474fa983/exercise-rhc-recovery-right-heart-catheterisation-access-site.jpg Guides - Exercise and fluid-challenge right heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide After exercise right heart catheterisation: (1) access site, rhythm and blood pressure checks; (2) home the same day for most; (3) your team explains what the pressures mean; (4) treatment plan in clinic. https://rodnieoro.com/home/pulmonary-vasoreactivity monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1543efe9-ad37-4f60-98cb-bc4d548e7f52/pulmonary-vasoreactivity-anatomy-small-lung-arteries-normal-artery.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vasoreactivity testing: a Cath Lab 101 guide Small lung arteries: (1) a normal artery with a thin wall and wide channel; (2) in pulmonary arterial hypertension the wall thickens and the channel narrows; (3) in a vasoreactive patient the artery relaxes with nitric oxide. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a4d005df-2b6a-4e7b-8d2f-347322dda035/pulmonary-vasoreactivity-preparation-testing-scans-tests-consent-centre.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vasoreactivity testing: a Cath Lab 101 guide Before vasoreactivity testing: scans, tests and consent at the PH centre; medicine advice; checks and a cannula on the day; awake with local anaesthetic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/71255cea-08c6-4d8c-9c8c-17c7794957a2/pulmonary-vasoreactivity-access-catheter-artery-right-ventricle-sheath.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vasoreactivity testing: a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) catheter in the pulmonary artery; (2) right ventricle; (3) sheath in the femoral vein. A neck or arm vein can be used instead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6ae792b9-4baf-4de4-af26-d922685bb0f5/pulmonary-vasoreactivity-steps-baseline-pressures-cardiac-output-nitric.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vasoreactivity testing: a Cath Lab 101 guide A: baseline pressures and cardiac output. B: nitric oxide breathed in through a mask, per centre protocol. C: the same measurements repeated while it is breathed. D: whether there is a response is decided by the PH centre's definition. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/84019fda-d785-45e9-b53b-03d8adcb86d7/pulmonary-vasoreactivity-imaging-trace-recording-artery-pressure-baseline.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vasoreactivity testing: a Cath Lab 101 guide Illustrated trace, not a real recording: pulmonary artery pressure at baseline and after nitric oxide is started. In a responder the pressure falls; the PH centre sets what counts as a response. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d04235ca-229a-45a6-abf9-4ec93051f4aa/pulmonary-vasoreactivity-recovery-testing-access-site-rhythm-blood.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vasoreactivity testing: a Cath Lab 101 guide After vasoreactivity testing: (1) access site, rhythm and blood pressure checks; (2) home the same day for most; (3) the PH team explains what the test means; (4) treatment chosen with the PH centre. https://rodnieoro.com/home/coronary-sinus-reducer monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d1dd6221-c9ca-4f21-9fa6-0a3923d4331e/coronary-sinus-reducer-anatomy-back-heart-main-vein-runs.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Back of the heart: (1) the coronary sinus, the heart's main vein, runs in the groove on the back and drains into the right atrium at (3). (2) The reducer is an hourglass-shaped mesh that narrows the vein, raising back-pressure in the heart's veins; this may help blood reach the inner heart muscle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a4619658-8e97-414d-9074-2890279d1aaf/coronary-sinus-reducer-preparation-heart-team-agrees-further-stents.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Before a coronary sinus reducer: the heart team agrees no further stents or bypass are possible; tests and consent; checks and a cannula on the day; awake with local anaesthetic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/fd7fa707-a82f-41ba-b05e-64bfc03c840e/coronary-sinus-reducer-access-catheter-tip-right-atrium-sheath.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) catheter tip in the coronary sinus; (2) right atrium; (3) sheath in the right internal jugular vein in the neck. Right atrial pressure is measured before the device is placed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/af87a4c2-62fb-4cb0-a27b-407f185924a0/coronary-sinus-reducer-steps-right-atrial-pressure-checked-first.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide A: right atrial pressure is checked first. B: a venogram outlines the coronary sinus. C: the device is expanded on an hourglass-shaped balloon. D: the balloon is removed, leaving the narrow waist. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f33ff6a1-f03f-461a-a81a-048a51205d6d/coronary-sinus-reducer-recovery-neck-rhythm-blood-pressure-checks.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide After a coronary sinus reducer: (1) neck, rhythm and blood pressure checks; (2) home the same or next day for most; (3) antiplatelets as advised, with benefit building over weeks to months; (4) angina reviewed in clinic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c559fc60-8c41-49d1-acda-3d0377090341/coronary-sinus-reducer-kit-multipurpose-catheter.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Multipurpose catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4353ebdc-f445-49c8-a301-0f45a12ef0b4/coronary-sinus-reducer-kit-pressure-transducer.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Pressure transducer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/129f1054-62a7-444b-8db7-2820ada541e6/coronary-sinus-reducer-kit-balloon.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Reducer on its balloon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5ce36cba-a584-44dc-8631-1764603f8105/coronary-sinus-reducer-kit-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Coronary sinus guide catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/599fb665-1731-4234-b94c-543010fb367b/coronary-sinus-reducer-kit-inflation-device.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Inflation device. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/de83f6e4-8308-4d68-80ca-8d457696ee3f/coronary-sinus-reducer-kit-venous-sheath.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Venous sheath. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e2712bbe-adfc-420b-9b10-414c4d43f86c/coronary-sinus-reducer-kit-contrast.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Contrast. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d05f9ffe-5b35-4ea1-b45d-c62401f9151d/coronary-sinus-reducer-kit-guidewire.jpg Guides - Coronary sinus reducer: a Cath Lab 101 guide Guidewire. https://rodnieoro.com/home/elca monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e83beaff-ebed-4000-8441-c7b4e4916d0a/elca-anatomy-excimer-laser-help-narrowing-balloon.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Where excimer laser can help: (1) a narrowing a balloon will not cross; (2) an old stent held narrow by calcium behind it; (3) clot in the artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/765f7ff8-6a9f-498f-bd89-5c89d8b11c51/elca-preparation-laser-atherectomy-tests-consent-blood.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Before laser atherectomy: tests and consent; blood thinners as advised; checks and a cannula on the day; laser safety checks and local anaesthetic in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/24d67d08-ca43-4b66-a401-4710bf1ee1b7/elca-access-guide-catheter-coronary-artery-aorta.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) guide catheter at the coronary artery; (2) aorta; (3) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist. The femoral artery may be used for larger laser catheters. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/82943ff7-b502-4e5e-9865-a5d6e112415a/elca-steps-saline-flush-clears-contrast-artery.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide A: saline flush clears contrast from the artery. B: the laser catheter is advanced over the wire to the narrowing. C: slow, short runs of laser while saline is flushed. D: the artery is then treated with balloons and a stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9d7a1fc7-6cbb-4ca0-91ce-e3a760044cb7/elca-recovery-laser-atherectomy-wrist-groin-rhythm.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide After laser atherectomy: (1) wrist or groin, rhythm and blood pressure checks; (2) home the same or next day for most; (3) no heavy lifting with the wrist or leg used for a few days; (4) antiplatelets as advised and clinic review. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/61e204bd-9e4a-4219-8c2b-8ca0ae13d876/elca-kit-balloons.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Balloons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/50ec9c59-fb44-479c-bbbc-69a544e960e5/elca-kit-protective-eyewear-local-rules.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Protective eyewear per local rules. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/592af953-2942-4340-a9b7-aa2477c434d1/elca-kit-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Guide catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9713804f-2e8b-418e-b983-e550a34e59ed/elca-kit-laser-catheter.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Laser catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/72acbceb-63ed-45ff-acc4-a455eecc1666/elca-kit-excimer-laser-system.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Excimer laser system. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cb6de5e0-7573-44ab-a1dd-7287b6ced9c9/elca-kit-stents.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Stents. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e7a6481d-92b8-45f4-a104-9548ec887e99/elca-kit-saline-flush-syringes.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Saline flush syringes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/13fce4c7-3138-46a6-aac8-9a791ab6ce75/elca-kit-coronary-guidewire.jpg Guides - Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA): a Cath Lab 101 guide Coronary guidewire. https://rodnieoro.com/home/coronary-complications monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/163229f4-0786-4447-a1fa-00dd19637ec1/coronary-complications-anatomy-three-pci-contrast-shown-gold.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Three complications of PCI, with contrast shown in gold: (1) perforation, a hole that lets blood leak out; (2) no-reflow, where the artery is open but flow is slow or absent; (3) dissection, a tear that lifts a flap in the wall. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/920dabb8-6f82-4284-8d70-d7bea0147e7c/coronary-complications-access-guide-catheter-artery-aorta-sheath.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) guide catheter in the coronary artery; (2) aorta; (3) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist; (4) a pericardial drain only if blood collects around the heart. A second arterial access may be added. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/dc13eddb-fe14-44a5-a23e-880fa0fd5114/coronary-complications-recovery-complication-close-monitoring-often-ccu.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide After a coronary complication: (1) close monitoring, often in CCU; (2) repeat echo and any drain removed when dry; (3) medicines reviewed and what happened explained; (4) clinic review and support. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b4a4fc0f-5566-4249-a999-7770ee27bbb8/coronary-complications-kit-balloons-tamponade.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Balloons for tamponade. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b6e537a4-b7eb-4735-b68f-045041bfa5f3/coronary-complications-kit-microcatheter.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Microcatheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ec335511-382f-4a35-aabe-58b89af6a13a/coronary-complications-kit-embolisation-coils.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Embolisation coils. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/67a153be-ae3a-475f-8635-81495e992dbb/coronary-complications-kit-echo-machine.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Echo machine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5ae96288-33e3-4ae5-867c-a02bc57b8b3f/coronary-complications-kit-covered-stent.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Covered stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f5f34070-7435-4dd6-91b4-ca12bb3a69b6/coronary-complications-kit-pericardiocentesis-set-drain.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Pericardiocentesis set and drain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c97b1474-f56a-4d0f-b39f-d87e7a230504/coronary-complications-kit-second-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Second guide catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/756bc6d1-0b8e-4631-9c14-49da9a767e41/coronary-complications-kit-microcatheter-2.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Microcatheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d4cdf9c0-69fa-4e76-a654-76299919a069/coronary-complications-kit-echo-machine-2.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Echo machine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3951262a-48ac-4341-a86e-2f7729d88f50/coronary-complications-kit-protamine-given-operator.jpg Guides - Coronary perforation, no-reflow and dissection: a Cath Lab 101 guide Protamine, given by the operator. https://rodnieoro.com/home/left-main-bifurcation-pci monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8c87a7a9-1f21-4614-95c5-04626d9feb4e/left-main-bifurcation-pci-anatomy-stem-divides-lad-circumflex-any.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide (1) The left main stem divides into (2) the LAD and (3) the circumflex. Any bifurcation has a main vessel, a side branch and the carina where they divide; plaque often sits on the walls opposite the carina. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f3cd2fa7-b5c5-4f5e-a89d-1b0c11cb8278/left-main-bifurcation-pci-preparation-heart-team-discusses-bypass-surgery.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Before left main or bifurcation PCI: the heart team discusses PCI or bypass surgery; tests and consent; checks, a cannula and blood thinners on the day; heart support kit on standby in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c53cc4a8-5659-46e6-94dd-ebb98ea51813/left-main-bifurcation-pci-access-guide-catheter-stem-aorta-sheath.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) guide catheter at the left main stem; (2) aorta; (3) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist. The femoral artery is often used for larger guides or if heart support may be needed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ae4395e4-6243-4664-8b27-48b22f126590/left-main-bifurcation-pci-recovery-rhythm-blood-pressure-access-checks.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide After left main or bifurcation PCI: (1) rhythm, blood pressure and access checks; (2) often one night in hospital; (3) antiplatelets as advised, not stopped without asking; (4) clinic review and cardiac rehabilitation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8179f2e9-3267-45b6-858a-15b770149c27/left-main-bifurcation-pci-kit-non-compliant-balloons.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Non-compliant balloons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3c108e68-082e-49ca-804a-d38a81f07eb7/left-main-bifurcation-pci-kit-ivus-oct-catheter.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide IVUS or OCT catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c8796ee7-06c0-4ab3-9e11-3f210d21e58f/left-main-bifurcation-pci-kit-large-lumen-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Large-lumen guide catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bf609b8b-5212-47ac-b20c-e826d4234d64/left-main-bifurcation-pci-kit-ivus-oct-catheter-2.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide IVUS or OCT catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3a52d07d-2fdc-4cfc-8110-d8144233c984/left-main-bifurcation-pci-kit-inflation-devices.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Inflation devices. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/10c23cc0-a5e9-4920-ad05-4bb0ef744607/left-main-bifurcation-pci-kit-heart-support-device-standby.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Heart support device on standby. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e8ba171b-6327-4aa1-9d3d-261642267b73/left-main-bifurcation-pci-kit-arterial-sheath.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Arterial sheath. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d0dc1d94-ea95-4a9d-baa7-24dd51ae31aa/left-main-bifurcation-pci-kit-drug-eluting-stents.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Drug-eluting stents. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e54a72a7-c1cd-480d-8aab-64266d6d459f/left-main-bifurcation-pci-kit-heart-support-device-standby-2.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Heart support device on standby. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/68d05d17-c3d5-4317-82cb-305f352235df/left-main-bifurcation-pci-kit-coronary-guidewires.jpg Guides - Left main and bifurcation PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Two coronary guidewires. https://rodnieoro.com/home/dcb-pci monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/346c1dc4-42ab-437c-a698-1fcb22a0e6fe/dcb-pci-anatomy-drug-coated-balloon-helps-narrowing.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Where a drug-coated balloon helps: (1) narrowing inside an old stent; (2) a small artery where a stent would take up much of the space; (3) the drug on the balloon passes into the artery wall during one inflation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e701bf3d-632c-44db-be8d-749812d855dc/dcb-pci-preparation-drug-coated-balloon-tests-consent.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Before drug-coated balloon PCI: tests and consent; blood thinners as advised; checks and a cannula on the day; awake with local anaesthetic in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/79eeccc1-7ff4-4764-a6b7-e9932ba53721/dcb-pci-access-guide-catheter-coronary-artery-aorta.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) guide catheter at the coronary artery; (2) aorta; (3) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist. The groin can be used instead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/be55b7dd-8ece-4201-9121-74229ba9b646/dcb-pci-steps-prepare-narrowing-balloon-sized-artery.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide A: prepare the narrowing with a balloon sized to the artery, or a scoring balloon. B: check the result: only a small narrowing left and no major tear. C: one drug-coated balloon inflation for the time the maker states. D: the drug stays in the wall and no new metal is left. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ec2468e4-4d77-4887-b738-e9da29666585/dcb-pci-recovery-drug-coated-balloon-wrist-groin.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide After drug-coated balloon PCI: (1) wrist or groin, rhythm and blood pressure checks; (2) home the same or next day for most; (3) antiplatelets for as long as advised; (4) clinic review and cardiac rehabilitation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cbfc1f36-f18e-49ff-9a34-88c719f85245/dcb-pci-kit-preparation-balloons.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Preparation balloons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/09ebd98b-4c41-465d-bb99-0aa72e8553bb/dcb-pci-kit-ivus-oct-catheter-used.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide IVUS or OCT catheter if used. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/82109ca6-a3c1-4f25-a871-5991dbfa5269/dcb-pci-kit-drug-coated-balloon.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Drug-coated balloon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/294b9c14-8704-4297-9695-d0404d09ca7e/dcb-pci-kit-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Guide catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/778be4eb-3351-458b-bffa-302cbfd12344/dcb-pci-kit-ivus-oct-catheter-used-2.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide IVUS or OCT catheter, if used. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9b500b01-0234-4a73-975e-53bca0967885/dcb-pci-kit-inflation-device.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Inflation device. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/097ffc94-9af0-4e95-8700-999f0076cc7c/dcb-pci-kit-introducer-sheath.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Introducer sheath. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cb36b90b-3582-4b17-bad1-1002287cabd9/dcb-pci-kit-bail-out-stent-ready.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide A bail-out stent ready. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/95d6c8e0-1262-4332-b63f-584e2bc72d06/dcb-pci-kit-coronary-guidewire.jpg Guides - Drug-coated balloon PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Coronary guidewire. https://rodnieoro.com/home/coronary-function-testing monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/360440a8-231c-49dd-b6f0-fb7415d65ba9/coronary-function-testing-anatomy-angina-blocked-arteries-main-look.jpg Guides - Coronary function testing (CFR, IMR and acetylcholine): a Cath Lab 101 guide Angina with no blocked arteries: (1) the main arteries look open on the angiogram; (2) spasm, where the artery wall clamps down; (3) small vessels in the heart muscle that do not relax normally. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/799610ed-a64f-4201-b189-6993e68ea5e7/coronary-function-testing-preparation-symptoms-tests-consent-some-heart.jpg Guides - Coronary function testing (CFR, IMR and acetylcholine): a Cath Lab 101 guide Before coronary function testing: symptoms, tests and consent; some heart medicines paused as advised; no caffeine as advised, checks and a cannula; awake with local anaesthetic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c8ca7e10-c94a-4d12-b23d-1aad6b62d7be/coronary-function-testing-access-guide-catheter-left-artery-aorta.jpg Guides - Coronary function testing (CFR, IMR and acetylcholine): a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) guide catheter at the left coronary artery; (2) aorta; (3) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist. A pacing wire is kept ready if the right coronary artery is tested. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3b6a2399-9b73-4416-bc18-e78477c57f18/coronary-function-testing-steps-pressure-temperature-sensor-wire-artery.jpg Guides - Coronary function testing (CFR, IMR and acetylcholine): a Cath Lab 101 guide A: a pressure and temperature sensor wire in the artery. B: adenosine, with small saline flushes to measure CFR and IMR. C: acetylcholine into the artery in rising doses. D: if spasm occurs, GTN relaxes the artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5c04ddaa-62f3-454d-a71e-b1901e1692e3/coronary-function-testing-imaging-thermodilution-curves-recordings-saline-passes.jpg Guides - Coronary function testing (CFR, IMR and acetylcholine): a Cath Lab 101 guide Illustrated thermodilution curves, not real recordings: saline passes faster with adenosine. CFR is the rest transit time divided by the adenosine transit time; IMR is the pressure beyond the wire tip multiplied by the adenosine transit time. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/43dd2741-2a56-4138-906f-84fa683dc60f/coronary-function-testing-recovery-wrist-rhythm-blood-pressure-checks.jpg Guides - Coronary function testing (CFR, IMR and acetylcholine): a Cath Lab 101 guide After coronary function testing: (1) wrist, rhythm and blood pressure checks; (2) home the same day for most; (3) the result: microvascular angina, vasospastic angina, both or neither; (4) medicines matched to the result. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/35c2703f-bc87-456f-8c81-396e3796dcfb/coronary-function-testing-kit-diagnostic-catheters-guide-catheter-left.jpg Guides - Coronary function testing (CFR, IMR and acetylcholine): a Cath Lab 101 guide Diagnostic catheters and a guide catheter for the left coronary artery. https://rodnieoro.com/home/ecg-advanced monthly 0.5 2026-10-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/acf9c989-9373-4b56-90ac-6d688d0dfa50/ecg-adv-narrow-complex-tachycardias.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/97c9a59d-d1d7-4958-90f0-e8acffbcdba1/ecg-adv-broad-complex-and-arrest-rhythms.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1ab2d46b-b34e-464c-92d3-183ab05ca126/ecg-adv-av-blocks.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/09f445fd-fb9a-423d-98ef-99ea0d6d5a9b/ecg-adv-bundle-branch-blocks.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/13597045-d316-4089-a0ea-e2e03d581539/ecg-adv-wpw-brugada-qt.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e6d691f4-44e3-4eb4-95d8-62637fb2c7d8/ecg-adv-occlusion-patterns.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8fd9043a-2b82-4490-a7e5-3c075724140d/ecg-adv-pericarditis-vs-stemi.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2b79a534-3856-41de-82c8-d0c0cbedef5b/ecg-adv-hyperkalaemia-progression.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e80170fb-8bd3-42e6-a3b6-b24e84f4e8ec/ecg-adv-electrolytes-drugs-variants.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f193ed34-44d7-41bb-bbfb-5710b66d29a3/ecg-adv-paced-rhythms.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0f3e129b-39dc-4b79-8f40-546c62bdd75b/ecg-adv-ectopics-and-artefact.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/448d27f8-3521-45fd-8d24-48aff3b54df0/ecg-adv-arrest-rhythms.png Guides - ECG advanced: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/ecg-basics monthly 0.5 2026-10-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9ed28d47-8ca5-4d9c-a6a9-8cc335c8ae3a/ecg-12-lead-electrode-placement.png Guides - ECG basics: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/189d82ed-33af-464c-b52d-21760a3f2d90/ecg-waveform-labelled.png Guides - ECG basics: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ba380c5a-7cd5-46a9-8869-9eade09957c3/ecg-rhythm-strips.png Guides - ECG basics: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/441135d5-e277-4f1b-a885-801324c6fa42/ecg-st-segment-compare.png Guides - ECG basics: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/88b9db54-d4b9-4f47-be5e-8cf71bab87a8/ecg-stemi-territories.png Guides - ECG basics: a Cath Lab 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/skin-lesion-lipoma-excision monthly 0.5 2026-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c8494f61-096c-41eb-a677-abe1404103bb/skin-lesion-lipoma-excision-overview.jpg Guides - Skin lesion and lipoma excision: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/872e490c-c27d-48c7-ad5b-41323a0c5372/skin-lesion-lipoma-excision-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Skin lesion and lipoma excision: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e1168602-3af3-4472-af20-ea38366a5156/skin-lesion-lipoma-excision-access-route.jpg Guides - Skin lesion and lipoma excision: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f2e37551-6c3b-4336-8a52-b5648ccd504f/skin-lesion-lipoma-excision-steps.jpg Guides - Skin lesion and lipoma excision: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/897b3365-eb0b-4ede-a599-d4e055888f85/skin-lesion-lipoma-excision-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Skin lesion and lipoma excision: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3e17f7bd-41df-47e0-9507-6865d0a77bce/skin-lesion-lipoma-excision-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Skin lesion and lipoma excision: an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/vitrectomy monthly 0.5 2026-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d6b2979d-7259-4872-95f0-ba40383f091b/vitrectomy-overview.jpg Guides - 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Perineal repair: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5a851b76-45cf-4d0a-bcc9-04c0f1a96add/perineal-tear-repair-steps.jpg Guides - Perineal repair: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/173923a7-bbe3-4938-9533-6f3d0f07375e/perineal-tear-repair-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Perineal repair: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/27987e7c-8a06-4c77-a8e3-4b554fb56fe6/perineal-tear-repair-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Perineal repair: an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/oophorectomy monthly 0.5 2026-10-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b68ffa37-63a4-4d34-a3fe-04e092a33880/oophorectomy-overview.jpg Guides - Oophorectomy (ovary removal): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9f9e376d-cf22-49bd-b999-5481349875a6/oophorectomy-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Oophorectomy (ovary removal): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4d0ede5f-4a7e-4ffe-92b4-de2bb2696a45/oophorectomy-access-route.jpg Guides - Oophorectomy (ovary removal): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cf4149e4-a621-4ef9-b47e-b3673eb56ed4/oophorectomy-steps.jpg Guides - Oophorectomy (ovary removal): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f4ca80b7-6bf2-484f-b161-683899c7f455/oophorectomy-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Oophorectomy (ovary removal): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/028feefb-b9a3-4b66-8a3b-31c5845cc761/oophorectomy-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Oophorectomy (ovary removal): an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/myomectomy monthly 0.5 2026-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5c49c903-8705-4cfd-a23f-6efed826d2ac/myomectomy-overview.jpg Guides - Myomectomy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5adb5b16-29ec-409c-bf24-9202a053e48f/myomectomy-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Myomectomy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7392f6ac-9b3b-41e8-892d-534f95d7b600/myomectomy-access-route.jpg Guides - Myomectomy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/fdc2bd25-c84d-4d6c-b165-30cb095a76c9/myomectomy-steps.jpg Guides - Myomectomy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8e631053-8549-4a5b-8c51-e017f1cf1883/myomectomy-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Myomectomy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/294bb082-cb1a-4dc6-9905-f840775904d8/myomectomy-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Myomectomy: an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/tubal-ligation monthly 0.5 2026-10-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/abdde96c-d5e0-4799-9735-9e7ef6f99099/tubal-ligation-overview.jpg Guides - Tubal ligation (female sterilisation): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/09f2631a-5b9d-44d0-8fc8-6f2bd975391a/tubal-ligation-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Tubal ligation (female sterilisation): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/431c4a37-0070-430a-96dc-4b1c333af816/tubal-ligation-access-route.jpg Guides - Tubal ligation (female sterilisation): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/da4c4047-8719-4678-ac22-2e41cb28ad46/tubal-ligation-steps.jpg Guides - Tubal ligation (female sterilisation): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2c860c61-2f86-495b-82ac-e9492de2ec77/tubal-ligation-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Tubal ligation (female sterilisation): an OR 101 guide <h3>Procedural steps</h3> <ul> <li>Team brief, WHO sign in; pregnancy test confirmed; anaesthesia</li> <li>Positioning; empty bladder; prep and drape; count</li> <li>Ports; inspection</li> <li>Both tubes identified and followed</li> <li>Clips applied or tubes removed; both confirmed</li> <li>Gas out; closure; counts; sign out and handover</li> </ul> https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/23daf056-e9a5-44a0-96c3-3a7a42ffe02f/tubal-ligation-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Tubal ligation (female sterilisation): an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/salpingectomy-bso monthly 0.5 2026-10-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8823f4ac-6e50-4644-8d7c-541c7fc959ee/salpingectomy-bso-overview.jpg Guides - Salpingectomy and BSO: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/927daec9-187e-432d-9e03-e4866ad881f8/salpingectomy-bso-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Salpingectomy and BSO: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f561ed8d-8314-404d-a07e-03b1cb78a7a9/salpingectomy-bso-access-route.jpg Guides - Salpingectomy and BSO: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d5733fc7-5eb3-4d3b-8f1a-c48e321009b5/salpingectomy-bso-steps.jpg Guides - Salpingectomy and BSO: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bf0681ce-7665-4255-9246-2f343b9f84bd/salpingectomy-bso-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Salpingectomy and BSO: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3a5c28ee-7b4d-4b64-b8bf-09b89b31fc98/salpingectomy-bso-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Salpingectomy and BSO: an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/hysterectomy monthly 0.5 2026-10-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/87e5dbf4-bda2-41bb-a3c6-b86d575d7336/hysterectomy-overview.jpg Guides - Hysterectomy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/af37b945-170d-4c64-b251-f9e103dde5ce/hysterectomy-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Hysterectomy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7022f076-90eb-4365-bee1-38b39eab4ae0/hysterectomy-access-route.jpg Guides - Hysterectomy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cd054990-1faa-402d-8862-0d80a77ac08a/hysterectomy-steps.jpg Guides - Hysterectomy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a43df34a-28f4-45b9-a328-1ff9843e3039/hysterectomy-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Hysterectomy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/154c4c94-3cce-43f5-8175-0b1b54358516/hysterectomy-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Hysterectomy: an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/caesarean-section monthly 0.5 2026-10-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e24c25fd-ce87-4b39-a501-8d00b74777ce/caesarean-section-overview.jpg Guides - Caesarean section (C-section): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/16812335-b4ed-4a63-9227-8cafc6be282b/caesarean-section-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Caesarean section (C-section): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/82b58b86-aa18-4da2-9ca2-ffa048aed8fd/caesarean-section-access-route.jpg Guides - Caesarean section (C-section): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ec63288b-9171-48bf-8587-b2ed02cf6958/caesarean-section-steps.jpg Guides - Caesarean section (C-section): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/61f2b25f-3281-4781-91bf-1770135cb727/caesarean-section-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Caesarean section (C-section): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/037f9926-dd62-4c40-9e01-9b81e4f12511/caesarean-section-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Caesarean section (C-section): an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/femoral-tibial-fracture-fixation monthly 0.5 2026-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8250f601-5032-41dd-9ed7-2429488dfaa5/femoral-tibial-fracture-fixation-overview.jpg Guides - Femoral and tibial fracture fixation: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/fdeefe6b-7050-49b0-af05-0e62b759be12/femoral-tibial-fracture-fixation-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Femoral and tibial fracture fixation: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9579246b-2a1b-4823-8ec3-67727fb33997/femoral-tibial-fracture-fixation-access-route.jpg Guides - Femoral and tibial fracture fixation: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/10abe471-831c-45bf-a809-05c8fe146b1b/femoral-tibial-fracture-fixation-steps.jpg Guides - Femoral and tibial fracture fixation: an OR 101 guide <h3>4. Finishing</h3> <p>Final X-ray images confirm alignment and length. The wounds are closed and dressed. Final counts are confirmed, implant details recorded, and the patient goes to recovery with a full handover, including limb checks (circulation and nerves), as per centre protocol.</p> <h2 id="recovery">Recovery and aftercare</h2> <ul> <li><strong>First days:</strong> pain relief, monitoring for leg swelling and compartment syndrome, as per centre protocol.</li> <li><strong>Walking:</strong> physiotherapists help you walk, often the next day; weight-bearing as advised.</li> <li><strong>Going home:</strong> varies, often several days.</li> <li><strong>Clot prevention:</strong> as per centre protocol.</li> <li><strong>Healing:</strong> bones take months to heal fully.</li> <li><strong>Follow-up:</strong> X-rays and clinic review.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Call 999</strong> if you have chest pain or sudden breathlessness. Contact your team if you have increasing pain, a cold, numb or very swollen limb, calf pain, fever, or a wound that becomes red, hot or leaky.</p> <h2 id="risks">Risks and complications</h2> <p>Your team will explain the risks that apply to you. Possible problems include:</p> <ul> <li>bleeding needing transfusion</li> <li>wound infection or deep infection of the bone</li> <li>the bone not healing, or healing out of line</li> <li>fat embolism (rare)</li> <li>compartment syndrome (rare, urgent)</li> <li>knee or hip pain at the nail entry site</li> <li>blood clots in the legs or lungs</li> </ul> <h2 id="kit">Theatre kit list (printable)</h2> <h3>Example kit list</h3> <p><em>Every theatre has its own protocol, and sizes and doses vary.</em></p> <ul> <li>nail system instruments: guide wires, reamers and insertion handle</li> <li>nails and locking screws, sizes per device and operator</li> <li>plates and screws if plating, sizes per device and operator</li> <li>power drill and reamer</li> <li>traction table or radiolucent table</li> <li>image intensifier (C-arm) and radiation protection</li> <li>closure sutures and dressings</li> </ul> https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0759c3f9-20ce-4f60-addd-30d5e98169c2/femoral-tibial-fracture-fixation-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Femoral and tibial fracture fixation: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ffe348c0-529e-45af-9386-42550bf80d0e/femoral-tibial-fracture-fixation-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Femoral and tibial fracture fixation: an OR 101 guide <h2 id="tip">First time in theatre?</h2> <blockquote> <p><strong> First-time tip</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Implant check.</strong> Read back the implant type, side and size before opening, and record it in the implant log.</li> <li><strong>Site and side.</strong> Check the marking at sign in and again before the cut.</li> <li><strong>Counts matter.</strong> Swabs, needles, instruments and small implant parts are counted; speak up if one is missing.</li> <li><strong>Radiation safety.</strong> Wear lead and a dosimeter when X-ray is used, and keep your distance.</li> <li><strong>Image positions.</strong> Learn the C-arm positions the surgeon needs and keep cables clear.</li> </ul> </blockquote> <h2 id="faq">FAQ</h2> <h3>Will the nail be removed?</h3> <p>Usually not, unless it causes problems.</p> <h3>How long will healing take?</h3> <p>Often 3–6 months or more.</p> <h3>When can I put weight on my leg?</h3> <p>It depends on the fracture and fixation; your team will advise.</p> <h2 id="related">Related guides</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://rodnieoro.com/home/ankle-distal-tibia-orif">Ankle and distal tibia ORIF</a></li> <li><a href="https://rodnieoro.com/home/hip-fracture-repair">Hip fracture repair</a></li> <li><a href="https://rodnieoro.com/home/cath-lab-abbreviations">Cath Lab Abbreviations A–Z</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="sources">Sources</h2> <p><em>All checked on 14 October 2026. Each page's own date is shown where it gives one.</em></p> <ul> <li>NICE. Fractures (complex): assessment and management (NG37). <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng37">nice.org.uk/guidance/ng37</a></li> <li>British Orthopaedic Association. BOAST: Open fractures. <a href="https://www.boa.ac.uk/standards-guidance/boasts.html">boa.ac.uk</a></li> <li>StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf), search: femur fracture. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/?term=femur+fracture">ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books</a></li> <li>StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf), search: tibial shaft fracture. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/?term=tibial+shaft+fracture">ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books</a></li> <li>World Health Organization. Surgical Safety Checklist. <a href="https://www.who.int/teams/integrated-health-services/patient-safety/research/safe-surgery">who.int</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="disclaimer">Disclaimer</h2> <p><strong>Education only.</strong> This page is for general education for healthcare students, theatre staff and curious readers. It isn't medical advice and doesn't replace advice from your own doctor, surgical team or local unit protocols. Equipment and medicines are described generically. No product or manufacturer is recommended. If you think someone is having a medical emergency, call 999.</p> <p><em>Disclosure: I work in the medical device industry. This page is independent education and isn't sponsored or reviewed by any company.</em></p> <p><em>All diagrams on this page are original illustrations created for rodnieoro.com.</em></p> https://rodnieoro.com/home/knee-arthroscopy monthly 0.5 2026-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5e06748f-3a61-48d2-89e1-439ef2388ac4/knee-arthroscopy-overview.jpg Guides - Knee arthroscopy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cd139285-6262-4ecd-aa10-bbfb075fbe46/knee-arthroscopy-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Knee arthroscopy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/71b1d4d9-9845-48f4-b24d-d6c504e42176/knee-arthroscopy-access-route.jpg Guides - Knee arthroscopy: an OR 101 guide <h3>4. Finishing</h3> <p>Ports are closed with stitches or strips, and a dressing and bandage applied. Final counts are confirmed, implant details recorded, and the patient goes to recovery with a full handover, including limb checks (circulation and nerves), as per centre protocol.</p> <h2 id="recovery">Recovery and aftercare</h2> <ul> <li><strong>Going home:</strong> the same day.</li> <li><strong>Walking:</strong> usually straight away, sometimes with crutches; after meniscus repair, restrictions may apply.</li> <li><strong>Swelling:</strong> ice and elevation help.</li> <li><strong>Exercises:</strong> start gentle exercises as advised.</li> <li><strong>Work:</strong> often 1–2 weeks off for desk work.</li> <li><strong>Follow-up:</strong> as per centre protocol.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Call 999</strong> if you have chest pain or sudden breathlessness. Contact your team if you have increasing pain, a cold, numb or very swollen limb, calf pain, fever, or a wound that becomes red, hot or leaky.</p> <h2 id="risks">Risks and complications</h2> <p>Your team will explain the risks that apply to you. Possible problems include:</p> <ul> <li>infection</li> <li>bleeding into the knee</li> <li>stiffness or ongoing pain</li> <li>blood clots in the legs or lungs</li> <li>nerve or blood vessel injury (rare)</li> </ul> <h2 id="kit">Theatre kit list (printable)</h2> <h3>Example kit list</h3> <p><em>Every theatre has its own protocol, and sizes and doses vary.</em></p> <ul> <li>arthroscopy stack: camera, scope, light, fluid pump and shaver</li> <li>arthroscopy instruments (probe, punches, graspers)</li> <li>meniscal repair devices, per device and operator</li> <li>tourniquet and leg holder</li> <li>fluid bags and tubing</li> <li>closure strips or sutures and dressings</li> </ul> https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f10e9a26-95d6-4ac0-9f7d-ed2e5c3cc76d/knee-arthroscopy-steps.jpg Guides - Knee arthroscopy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c9575d4f-6e9e-4f41-b308-4eae5f4d60cd/knee-arthroscopy-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Knee arthroscopy: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b5baeea4-67f9-4b16-ba5a-5f4c4b711c04/knee-arthroscopy-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Knee arthroscopy: an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/shoulder-replacement-arthroplasty monthly 0.5 2026-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8ce89531-247d-4f8d-8d40-d98d0778f873/shoulder-replacement-arthroplasty-overview.jpg Guides - Shoulder replacement (arthroplasty): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b1a2001f-0056-406d-b5ee-088f20820cb7/shoulder-replacement-arthroplasty-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Shoulder replacement (arthroplasty): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d2f3ffe9-f718-40e0-9cfe-b941c75998c8/shoulder-replacement-arthroplasty-access-route.jpg Guides - Shoulder replacement (arthroplasty): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bb2daa23-4641-44aa-a339-48d549b2ec13/shoulder-replacement-arthroplasty-steps.jpg Guides - Shoulder replacement (arthroplasty): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/75e6768d-20d1-4856-855e-1132ccd55f78/shoulder-replacement-arthroplasty-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Shoulder replacement (arthroplasty): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6a5ec8ed-0a62-44ab-ac6a-6d02ef49041f/shoulder-replacement-arthroplasty-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Shoulder replacement (arthroplasty): an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/ankle-distal-tibia-orif monthly 0.5 2026-10-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0743f9eb-b197-43f0-8ca1-76c389be4307/ankle-distal-tibia-orif-overview.jpg Guides - Ankle and distal tibia ORIF: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0895d129-6aa1-4a6d-9710-4f8d29f11426/ankle-distal-tibia-orif-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Ankle and distal tibia ORIF: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0a25bb7d-9c9f-44e9-bd58-1852d6ea7e6f/ankle-distal-tibia-orif-access-route.jpg Guides - Ankle and distal tibia ORIF: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/737b628e-c012-4c45-9622-412b5d39c99b/ankle-distal-tibia-orif-steps.jpg Guides - Ankle and distal tibia ORIF: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0e4b592f-d8f5-4799-849b-e66f28e6d8ac/ankle-distal-tibia-orif-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Ankle and distal tibia ORIF: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6bdda329-ce5f-4072-b111-6420a107482d/ankle-distal-tibia-orif-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Ankle and distal tibia ORIF: an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/carpal-tunnel-release monthly 0.5 2026-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1ab03323-a39e-4577-92aa-823f732508e5/carpal-tunnel-release-overview.jpg Guides - Carpal tunnel release: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/029ece59-ec50-49c8-a907-cfeafd897bc9/carpal-tunnel-release-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - 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Mitral valve repair and replacement: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cd6848b0-b54e-4804-8655-19024d80395e/mitral-valve-repair-replacement-steps.jpg Guides - Mitral valve repair and replacement: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8eb9c969-2fc8-4689-bca8-0d3c83fae117/mitral-valve-repair-replacement-kit-overview.jpg Guides - Mitral valve repair and replacement: an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2d7cf6dd-3d30-458b-acfd-772bd72fbd59/mitral-valve-repair-replacement-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Mitral valve repair and replacement: an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/surgical-aortic-valve-replacement-avr monthly 0.5 2026-10-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6c3c1a12-d6c2-429a-9e00-37fed1142f62/surgical-aortic-valve-replacement-avr-overview.jpg Guides - Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c262ef07-7949-4621-81f3-e05f97a0767b/surgical-aortic-valve-replacement-avr-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5b963078-5a29-4a2a-b8db-a301e3bbd179/surgical-aortic-valve-replacement-avr-access-route.jpg Guides - Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b249286a-d4d2-46b5-a038-a6ea28405325/surgical-aortic-valve-replacement-avr-steps.jpg Guides - Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e67945b9-fc9d-412f-b0a6-07798299571b/avr-kit-overview-or101.jpg Guides - Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/30600384-d88e-4589-93ea-28c600def3b3/surgical-aortic-valve-replacement-avr-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR): an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting-cabg monthly 0.5 2026-10-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0433249b-0b1e-4be9-af4e-39a73946b2d9/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting-cabg-overview.jpg Guides - Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ea35bd77-82a8-45cd-92b6-a77d641e08a5/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting-cabg-before-the-procedure.jpg Guides - Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/be01d952-0bde-4939-98cf-e7ec5e2fd3f7/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting-cabg-access-route.jpg Guides - Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/87c52cfe-9508-4f63-a1b8-e9c7907fbe2a/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting-cabg-steps.jpg Guides - Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): an OR 101 guide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/453245ff-7021-4d1a-b5d6-5f7dc722c365/cabg-kit-overview-or101.jpg Guides - Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): an OR 101 guide - eneric illustrations of the main kit: sternal retractor, bypass circuit tubing, bypass cannulas, fine vascular suture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4da7e364-df02-4edb-ae2c-11c62210bdf6/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting-cabg-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): an OR 101 guide https://rodnieoro.com/home/electroanatomical-mapping monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/54ef2433-f7cf-496a-9b8b-059afec817f7/electroanatomical-mapping-3d-map-activation-colours-catheter-points.jpg Guides - Electroanatomical and electromechanical mapping: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A 3D map of the heart: colours show when the electrical signal arrives, red first and purple last. Each white dot is a point the catheter has touched. Illustrated, not a real recording. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e80aff3d-c5b9-435c-bca5-0b38b15ee8ca/electroanatomical-mapping-preparation-procedure-ecgs-tests-consent-medicine.jpg Guides - Electroanatomical and electromechanical mapping: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before a mapping procedure: ECGs, tests and consent; medicine advice; checks on the day; sedation or anaesthetic in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d8415be4-dc11-456f-acfa-f3921ac28d61/electroanatomical-mapping-access-catheter-chamber-being-mapped-right.jpg Guides - Electroanatomical and electromechanical mapping: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) mapping catheter in the chamber being mapped; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheaths in the femoral vein. Skin patches let the system track the catheter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ae25b5e3-f4fb-4565-aa29-ab84e1d3c665/electroanatomical-mapping-steps-catheter-collect-points-build-shape.jpg Guides - Electroanatomical and electromechanical mapping: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: catheter in. B: collect points to build the 3D shape. C: timing and voltage colour the map. D: the map guides ablation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/378f91a8-64a1-49d5-b6e3-9f71bcdafd7e/electroanatomical-mapping-kit-main-generic-venous-sheaths-catheter.jpg Guides - Electroanatomical and electromechanical mapping: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): venous sheaths; mapping catheter; mapping system; skin patches for tracking. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/de34b586-8f24-44d6-9644-cd16442a70e8/electroanatomical-mapping-recovery-ablation-bed-rest-checks-home.jpg Guides - Electroanatomical and electromechanical mapping: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After mapping and ablation: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) home the same day or next morning; (3) no heavy lifting for about a week; (4) clinic follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/fractional-flow-reserve-ffr monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f9c963a0-77f2-4ca0-a5b4-7b489cb454c7/fractional-flow-reserve-ffr-anatomy-compares-pressure-guide-catheter-beyond.jpg Guides - Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and pressure wire tests: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out FFR compares (1) pressure at the guide catheter, Pa, with (2) pressure beyond the narrowing, Pd: FFR = Pd ÷ Pa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/004df1ee-42cb-4423-831d-e7ca56e368e3/fractional-flow-reserve-ffr-preparation-test-tests-consent-medicine-advice.jpg Guides - Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and pressure wire tests: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before an FFR test: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/923cbf35-e007-4079-ba32-e168688788db/fractional-flow-reserve-ffr-access-sheath-radial-artery-wrist-guide.jpg Guides - Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and pressure wire tests: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist; (2) guide catheter at the coronary artery opening; (3) catheter in the aorta. The groin (femoral artery) can be used instead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4af7616f-dc24-4b0e-9a8b-8f136e39baa7/fractional-flow-reserve-ffr-steps-equalise-cross-measure-pull-back.jpg Guides - Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and pressure wire tests: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: equalise. B: cross. C: measure. D: pull back. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ac82ac0d-1dd9-4a74-85fb-870881d4d430/fractional-flow-reserve-ffr-kit-main-generic-sheath-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and pressure wire tests: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): sheath; guide catheter; guidewire; Y-connector and flush set; pressure wire and console; hyperaemia medicine; nitrate; heparin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/10621238-5c7e-4387-a33f-ab19891071b6/fractional-flow-reserve-ffr-recovery-test-site-checks-often-home.jpg Guides - Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and pressure wire tests: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After an FFR test: (1) site checks; (2) often home the same or next day; (3) avoid heavy lifting for a few days; (4) medicines and follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/optical-coherence-tomography-oct monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/71c63d29-ba51-4535-9e10-90f13d30eb2e/optical-coherence-tomography-oct-anatomy-catheter-inside-artery-uses-light.jpg Guides - Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out OCT: a catheter inside the artery uses light to record (1) a detailed cross-section of the wall and plaque. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/41af19f0-01d1-4ecc-835e-37ba7b50b6b8/optical-coherence-tomography-oct-preparation-tests-consent-medicine-advice-checks.jpg Guides - Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before OCT: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1caa80d9-aa89-4538-a487-6bd62ff0ceca/optical-coherence-tomography-oct-access-sheath-radial-artery-wrist-guide.jpg Guides - Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist; (2) guide catheter at the coronary artery opening; (3) catheter in the aorta. The groin (femoral artery) can be used instead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/abb7e7a8-1607-4405-84be-3855c38d4e6c/optical-coherence-tomography-oct-steps-wire-catheter-flush-pull-measure.jpg Guides - Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire. B: catheter. C: flush and pull. D: measure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/40006374-b5d8-4e38-a5e7-d7177eae2366/optical-coherence-tomography-oct-kit-main-generic-sheath-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): sheath; guide catheter; guidewire; Y-connector and flush set; OCT catheter and console; contrast for the flush; nitrate. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e6857485-cc6d-4412-b774-de2e9622e334/optical-coherence-tomography-oct-recovery-site-checks-often-home-same.jpg Guides - Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After OCT: (1) site checks; (2) often home the same or next day; (3) avoid heavy lifting for a few days; (4) medicines and follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/intravascular-ultrasound-ivus monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ae575406-2615-458e-b1a1-ad04ed970591/intravascular-ultrasound-ivus-anatomy-catheter-inside-artery-records-cross.jpg Guides - Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out IVUS: a catheter inside the artery records (1) a cross-section showing the wall layers, plaque and the true size of the artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e72adbe8-4817-42d7-b450-a5f2cf5c2f7a/intravascular-ultrasound-ivus-preparation-tests-consent-medicine-advice-checks.jpg Guides - Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before IVUS: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d84c876f-028e-4cb1-a435-7121f23a35fc/intravascular-ultrasound-ivus-access-sheath-radial-artery-wrist-guide.jpg Guides - Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist; (2) guide catheter at the coronary artery opening; (3) catheter in the aorta. The groin (femoral artery) can be used instead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e95287b9-9243-42b4-acf7-aef4f51d0b74/intravascular-ultrasound-ivus-steps-wire-catheter-pull-back-measure.jpg Guides - Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire. B: catheter. C: pull-back. D: measure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a7eb0118-882e-457f-8d44-092072a72cdb/intravascular-ultrasound-ivus-kit-main-generic-sheath-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): sheath; guide catheter; guidewire; Y-connector and flush set; IVUS catheter and console; nitrate; heparin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7c08f20a-425f-4452-8146-dfc48ed6d184/intravascular-ultrasound-ivus-recovery-site-checks-often-home-same.jpg Guides - Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After IVUS: (1) site checks; (2) often home the same or next day; (3) avoid heavy lifting for a few days; (4) medicines and follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/laser-balloon-ablation monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/27b99c1d-93d0-4443-a903-bf03fce7073f/laser-balloon-ablation-anatomy-sits-vein-opening-built-camera.jpg Guides - Laser ablation for heart rhythm problems: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Laser balloon: (1) the balloon sits at the vein opening; (2) a built-in camera shows the opening; (3) the laser arc (green) makes a ring of scar. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6ccc4295-ee41-41b8-a085-3140bf0a6420/laser-balloon-ablation-preparation-ecgs-tests-consent-medicine-advice.jpg Guides - Laser ablation for heart rhythm problems: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before laser balloon ablation: ECGs, tests and consent; medicine advice; checks on the day; sedation or anaesthetic in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0a7dbbe3-294b-4390-9c66-8d83eadfd564/laser-balloon-ablation-access-left-atrium-right-inferior-vena.jpg Guides - Laser ablation for heart rhythm problems: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) laser balloon in the left atrium; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheaths in the femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7b45a31a-b2f5-47c4-902f-af5020446870/laser-balloon-ablation-steps-transseptal-left-atrium-pulmonary-vein.jpg Guides - Laser ablation for heart rhythm problems: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: transseptal into the left atrium. B: balloon at a pulmonary vein. C: see and treat: laser applied in a ring under direct view. D: confirm each vein is isolated. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d5998bf8-8798-4da9-ab13-d7ab40dc75e2/laser-balloon-ablation-kit-main-generic-steerable-sheath-catheter.jpg Guides - Laser ablation for heart rhythm problems: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): steerable sheath; laser balloon catheter; console; oesophageal temperature probe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bd79c8f1-2296-4e41-8530-10c8a220b03e/laser-balloon-ablation-recovery-bed-rest-checks-home-same.jpg Guides - Laser ablation for heart rhythm problems: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After laser ablation: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) home the same day or next morning; (3) no heavy lifting for about a week; (4) clinic follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/pulsed-field-ablation monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/daa37030-227c-43c8-b9c7-75ccd4fa4240/pulsed-field-ablation-anatomy-three-ways-make-lesion-heat.jpg Guides - Pulsed field ablation (PFA): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Three ways to make the lesion: (1) heat (radiofrequency); (2) cold (cryoablation); (3) pulsed field: very short electrical pulses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cc9dd6e5-38f7-40ba-8f7f-62301267e325/pulsed-field-ablation-preparation-pfa-ecgs-tests-consent-medicine.jpg Guides - Pulsed field ablation (PFA): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before PFA: ECGs, tests and consent; medicine advice; checks on the day; sedation or anaesthetic in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ce95109e-6e67-4fc5-8e69-610bd75908d1/pulsed-field-ablation-access-pfa-catheter-left-atrium-right.jpg Guides - Pulsed field ablation (PFA): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) PFA catheter in the left atrium; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheaths in the femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8139fa64-5de5-43ca-85fe-7307ab90fb6a/pulsed-field-ablation-steps-transseptal-needle-crosses-septum-catheter.jpg Guides - Pulsed field ablation (PFA): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: transseptal: a needle crosses the septum. B: catheter at a pulmonary vein. C: pulses in short bursts. D: each vein checked for isolation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/fb1825bc-30ed-43ef-b20b-47b9aa6ab8ad/pulsed-field-ablation-kit-main-generic-steerable-sheath-pfa.jpg Guides - Pulsed field ablation (PFA): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): steerable sheath; PFA catheter; generator; transseptal needle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3132e14f-3baf-4099-9266-d7d230e06e99/pulsed-field-ablation-recovery-pfa-bed-rest-checks-home.jpg Guides - Pulsed field ablation (PFA): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After PFA: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) home the same day or next morning; (3) no heavy lifting for about a week; (4) clinic follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/radiofrequency-ablation monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6eb50156-451f-4cf3-807a-6c1b9d8ce61c/radiofrequency-ablation-anatomy-faulty-circuit-such-extra-pathway.jpg Guides - Radiofrequency (RF) ablation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out RF ablation: (1) a faulty circuit, such as an extra pathway; (2) the catheter tip heats a tiny area; (3) a small scar blocks the faulty signal. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/db1723f4-74a4-43b3-9a43-92021df3b266/radiofrequency-ablation-preparation-ecgs-tests-consent-medicine-advice.jpg Guides - Radiofrequency (RF) ablation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before RF ablation: ECGs, tests and consent; medicine advice; checks on the day; sedation or anaesthetic in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a62e3ecc-2e16-4b69-a31b-39649e2cb96b/radiofrequency-ablation-access-catheter-target-right-atrium-inferior.jpg Guides - Radiofrequency (RF) ablation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) ablation catheter at the target; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheaths in the femoral vein. Left-sided targets are reached across the septum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ee0abc1b-5056-421c-81a9-db2f7b72d315/radiofrequency-ablation-steps-map-source-tip-target-energy.jpg Guides - Radiofrequency (RF) ablation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: map the source. B: tip on the target. C: RF energy in short bursts. D: test that the rhythm can no longer be triggered. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5e5679f1-708a-441a-80d3-5e9907e0f2a9/radiofrequency-ablation-kit-main-generic-venous-sheaths-catheter.jpg Guides - Radiofrequency (RF) ablation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): venous sheaths; RF ablation catheter; RF generator and recording system; 3D mapping system and patches. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1c992f02-e396-40db-b9ce-941040945b03/radiofrequency-ablation-recovery-bed-rest-checks-home-same.jpg Guides - Radiofrequency (RF) ablation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After RF ablation: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) home the same day or next morning; (3) no heavy lifting for about a week; (4) clinic follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/electrophysiology-study-ep-study monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2d4133b3-fd5d-4e5e-8bbf-920116abf3bd/electrophysiology-study-ep-study-anatomy-heart-electrical-system-sinus-node.jpg Guides - Electrophysiology (EP) study: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The heart’s electrical system: (1) sinus node, the natural pacemaker; (2) AV node, the gateway to the ventricles; (3) conduction pathways. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e9a7dd12-30b9-4b2c-bda1-2c6eb7eb07d8/electrophysiology-study-ep-study-preparation-ecgs-tests-consent-medicine-advice.jpg Guides - Electrophysiology (EP) study: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before an EP study: ECGs, tests and consent; medicine advice; checks on the day; sedation or anaesthetic in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7fcd8e5f-1695-483f-b053-517c8452788f/electrophysiology-study-ep-study-catheter-positions-hra-his-cs-rv.jpg Guides - Electrophysiology (EP) study: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Catheter positions: (1) high right atrium; (2) His bundle area; (3) coronary sinus; (4) right ventricle. Sheaths in the femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2c23e8b6-d6d6-418c-9910-e8d0dc94d0a4/electrophysiology-study-ep-study-steps-catheters-baseline-signals-pacing-tests.jpg Guides - Electrophysiology (EP) study: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: catheters in. B: baseline signals. C: pacing tests the system. D: abnormal rhythms are triggered and studied. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/28a8f509-c285-4e89-a7cf-0d5189661253/electrophysiology-study-ep-study-kit-main-generic-venous-sheaths-catheters.jpg Guides - Electrophysiology (EP) study: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): venous sheaths; EP catheters; recording system and stimulator; ultrasound for vein access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9f8f7586-9a38-461b-a36f-75b5e4695ca5/electrophysiology-study-ep-study-recovery-bed-rest-checks-home-same.jpg Guides - Electrophysiology (EP) study: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After an EP study: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) home the same day or next morning; (3) no heavy lifting for about a week; (4) clinic follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/intravascular-foreign-body-retrieval monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b36ce57a-baae-4e04-a741-1bd97f88fe5d/intravascular-foreign-body-retrieval-anatomy-lost-fragment-ringed-part-line.jpg Guides - Intravascular foreign body retrieval: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A lost fragment (ringed): part of a line, wire or catheter, here in a lung artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4b2f969b-4ca6-41a7-b018-13d59bfa24fe/intravascular-foreign-body-retrieval-preparation-found-ray-team-plans-route.jpg Guides - Intravascular foreign body retrieval: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before retrieval: found on X-ray or a scan; the team plans the route; checks and consent on the day; then snare retrieval in the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/515841e7-8ee8-45f1-9284-207184d73b33/intravascular-foreign-body-retrieval-access-catheter-snare-fragment-right-atrium.jpg Guides - Intravascular foreign body retrieval: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter and snare at the fragment; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheath in the femoral vein. The route depends on where the fragment is. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3abf631a-812f-4acd-ad34-9d8e62b83d06/intravascular-foreign-body-retrieval-steps-locate-fragment-ray-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Intravascular foreign body retrieval: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: locate the fragment on X-ray. B: guide a catheter near it. C: the snare loop grabs one end. D: pull it into the sheath and out. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3e8e7713-5202-4d85-ba71-24b27b54ae82/intravascular-foreign-body-retrieval-kit-main-generic-sheath-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Intravascular foreign body retrieval: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): sheath; guide catheter; snare; retrieval forceps or basket. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3c140993-5264-430d-bfcd-f9dacc161b2e/intravascular-foreign-body-retrieval-recovery-site-pulse-blood-pressure-checks.jpg Guides - Intravascular foreign body retrieval: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After retrieval: (1) site, pulse and blood pressure checks; (2) home the same day for most; (3) no heavy lifting for a few days; (4) your team explains the findings. https://rodnieoro.com/home/ecmo-in-the-cath-lab monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/038f9bcb-031b-4da4-915f-90df3c6c45a9/ecmo-in-the-cath-lab-anatomy-heart-lung-machine-venous-cannula.jpg Guides - ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out ECMO, a heart-lung machine: (1) a venous cannula drains blood; (2) the pump and oxygenator add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide; (3) an arterial cannula returns the blood. Femoral cannulation shown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/dadfda50-b689-4bed-b458-5f11d3a829cf/ecmo-in-the-cath-lab-preparation-team-agrees-needed-perfusion-primes.jpg Guides - ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before ECMO: the team agrees ECMO is needed; the perfusion team primes the circuit; ultrasound-guided access; then the cannulas are placed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/857f5d1c-3c6d-4785-8257-3da43ba95a07/ecmo-in-the-cath-lab-access-venous-drainage-cannula-femoral-vein.jpg Guides - ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) venous drainage cannula from the femoral vein to the right atrium; (2) arterial return cannula in the femoral artery; (3) small leg cannula to keep blood flowing to the leg. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b1a8939e-18d9-4a77-98a5-e0625a673f94/ecmo-in-the-cath-lab-steps-venous-arterial-cannulas-placed-connected.jpg Guides - ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: venous and arterial cannulas placed. B: connected to the primed circuit without air. C: flow started slowly and increased. D: a small cannula supplies blood to the leg. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/38d211e8-fbd7-425d-8464-3a4f16727d0b/ecmo-in-the-cath-lab-kit-main-generic-console-primed-circuit.jpg Guides - ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): ECMO console and primed circuit; oxygenator; venous and arterial cannulas; ultrasound for access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5405b10f-6c76-42d4-81f1-340f89a03123/ecmo-in-the-cath-lab-recovery-continuous-monitoring-team-blood-thinners.jpg Guides - ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out On ECMO and after: (1) continuous monitoring by the ECMO team; (2) blood thinners monitored closely; (3) weaning as the heart or lungs recover; (4) recovery can be long, and support is offered. https://rodnieoro.com/home/percutaneous-lv-support monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/51ce5c80-ff56-4e3f-8237-eac2d4e4e4ce/percutaneous-lv-support-anatomy-heart-pump-placed-catheter-inlet.jpg Guides - Percutaneous LV support devices: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A heart pump placed by catheter: (1) inlet in the left ventricle; (2) across the aortic valve; (3) outlet in the aorta. The pump moves blood from the LV into the aorta. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3e5fef55-afbc-428b-8cfd-c0e922683b18/percutaneous-lv-support-preparation-shock-high-risk-procedure-team.jpg Guides - Percutaneous LV support devices: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before LV support: shock or a high-risk procedure; the team agrees support is needed; ultrasound of the groin arteries; then large-bore access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/770d950c-04bf-4adf-8434-f57aa6f8981c/percutaneous-lv-support-access-pump-across-aortic-valve-catheter.jpg Guides - Percutaneous LV support devices: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) pump across the aortic valve; (2) catheter in the aorta; (3) large-bore sheath in the femoral artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/79e131de-2db5-4965-8e04-ab499faf5295/percutaneous-lv-support-steps-large-bore-access-ultrasound-wire.jpg Guides - Percutaneous LV support devices: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: large-bore access under ultrasound. B: wire across the aortic valve. C: pump in place, inlet in the LV. D: console started and position checked. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/54fcbeb8-1fea-46b8-a4de-b3adc198e857/percutaneous-lv-support-kit-main-generic-large-bore-sheath.jpg Guides - Percutaneous LV support devices: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): large-bore sheath; stiff guidewire; LV support pump; console with purge solution. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/42fa7726-fbe1-4003-abe6-60c53e35751c/percutaneous-lv-support-recovery-pump-ccu-icu-monitoring-keep.jpg Guides - Percutaneous LV support devices: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out While the pump is in: (1) CCU or ICU monitoring; (2) keep the leg straight, with leg pulse and blood checks; (3) removed when no longer needed and the artery closed; (4) follow-up depends on the underlying condition. https://rodnieoro.com/home/intra-aortic-balloon-pump-iabp monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1223b102-33be-4bd3-935e-9b3d56d371d8/intra-aortic-balloon-pump-iabp-anatomy-heart-relaxes-inflates-pushing-blood.jpg Guides - Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out IABP: (1) when the heart relaxes the balloon inflates, pushing blood back to the heart's own arteries; (2) it deflates just before the heart pumps, easing its work. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ddeb8c89-0248-4880-b90b-e03c7342383c/intra-aortic-balloon-pump-iabp-preparation-low-blood-pressure-high-risk.jpg Guides - Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before an IABP: low blood pressure or a high-risk procedure; the team agrees support is needed; monitoring and leg pulse checks; then femoral access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5ff38d25-29ec-407b-b11b-2caa859355e7/intra-aortic-balloon-pump-iabp-access-tip-just-below-artery-left.jpg Guides - Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) balloon tip just below the artery to the left arm; (2) balloon in the descending aorta; (3) sheath in the femoral artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d401facf-e04e-4221-bba9-f6e0d1b7a247/intra-aortic-balloon-pump-iabp-steps-wire-passed-aorta-advanced-tip.jpg Guides - Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire passed up the aorta. B: balloon advanced over the wire. C: tip positioned below the left subclavian artery. D: console connected and timing adjusted. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e5b22d96-8bbc-4722-bade-e3b6d3eb0685/intra-aortic-balloon-pump-iabp-kit-main-generic-femoral-sheath-catheter.jpg Guides - Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): femoral sheath; IABP catheter; IABP console with helium; heparin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/57c08c4c-c7fd-4aa0-9e0c-1d95a29cff4a/intra-aortic-balloon-pump-iabp-recovery-ccu-icu-monitoring-keep-leg.jpg Guides - Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out While the IABP is in: (1) CCU or ICU monitoring; (2) keep the leg straight, with leg pulse checks; (3) removed when no longer needed, with pressure applied; (4) follow-up depends on the underlying condition. https://rodnieoro.com/home/temporary-pacing-wire monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/40501d6a-b96c-4dfc-80d0-958b07086737/temporary-pacing-wire-anatomy-tip-rests-against-right-ventricle.jpg Guides - Temporary pacing wire insertion: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Temporary pacing: (1) the wire tip rests against the right ventricle wall; (2) it enters through a vein in the groin or neck; (3) an external pacing box sets a safe heart rate. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/08d46a43-3467-4176-a821-68c0a197fea2/temporary-pacing-wire-preparation-slow-heart-rate-ecg-consent.jpg Guides - Temporary pacing wire insertion: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before temporary pacing: a slow heart rate on the ECG; consent, often urgent; monitoring and ultrasound; then X-ray-guided placement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e47c07a1-0378-42a4-a295-494fdc857acd/temporary-pacing-wire-access-tip-right-ventricle-inferior-vena.jpg Guides - Temporary pacing wire insertion: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) wire tip in the right ventricle; (2) inferior vena cava; (3) sheath in the femoral vein. The neck vein is often used instead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c69b23d3-43c7-4ac7-976d-f8cd7d5639f2/temporary-pacing-wire-steps-heart-ray-tip-against-wall.jpg Guides - Temporary pacing wire insertion: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire into the heart under X-ray. B: tip against the wall. C: threshold checked. D: wire secured and box set. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/38bd9010-6a24-4767-a0dc-367b62ecaeb6/temporary-pacing-wire-kit-main-generic-venous-sheath-external.jpg Guides - Temporary pacing wire insertion: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): venous sheath; temporary pacing wire; external pacing box with a fresh battery; ultrasound for vein access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6c0b1566-08ac-45e2-b0d0-a34f22297ea2/temporary-pacing-wire-recovery-continuous-ecg-monitoring-limit-movement.jpg Guides - Temporary pacing wire insertion: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out While the wire is in: (1) continuous ECG monitoring; (2) limit movement of the arm or leg; (3) daily threshold and site checks; (4) removed when the rhythm recovers, or a permanent pacemaker is fitted. https://rodnieoro.com/home/percutaneous-balloon-pericardiotomy monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/15db771a-c36f-4028-b182-02378fd902ca/percutaneous-balloon-pericardiotomy-anatomy-fluid-keeps-returning-around-heart.jpg Guides - Percutaneous pericardial window (balloon pericardiotomy): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Balloon pericardiotomy: (1) fluid keeps returning around the heart; (2) a balloon opens a window in the sac; (3) fluid drains into the chest, where it is absorbed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/aa0d90de-87a1-4ba3-9bdf-d778a6461a5c/percutaneous-balloon-pericardiotomy-preparation-echo-consent-medicine-advice-checks.jpg Guides - Percutaneous pericardial window (balloon pericardiotomy): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before balloon pericardiotomy: echo and consent; medicine advice; checks on the day; sedation and local anaesthetic in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/db43596b-e920-43ed-88ae-039d0cced343/percutaneous-balloon-pericardiotomy-access-wire-enters-below-breastbone-fluid.jpg Guides - Percutaneous pericardial window (balloon pericardiotomy): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) a wire enters below the breastbone; (2) into the fluid around the heart. Echo and X-ray guide each step. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/39937824-68fc-4a47-9d60-c00afceafee5/percutaneous-balloon-pericardiotomy-steps-wire-fluid-across-edge-sac.jpg Guides - Percutaneous pericardial window (balloon pericardiotomy): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire in the fluid. B: balloon across the edge of the sac. C: inflated to make the opening. D: drain placed and fluid removed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8e6c2874-28b9-4ca0-a454-28f3180f2caa/percutaneous-balloon-pericardiotomy-kit-main-generic-access-needle-syringe.jpg Guides - Percutaneous pericardial window (balloon pericardiotomy): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): access needle on a syringe; stiff guidewire; balloon; drain and bag. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/463d6534-8c48-47f1-8fc3-95c75b9dd500/percutaneous-balloon-pericardiotomy-recovery-rhythm-blood-pressure-drain-checks.jpg Guides - Percutaneous pericardial window (balloon pericardiotomy): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After balloon pericardiotomy: (1) rhythm, blood pressure and drain checks; (2) the drain is often out in a day or two; (3) a chest X-ray, as fluid around the lung may need treatment; (4) echo and clinic follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/pericardiocentesis monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8a3344d3-0a7c-4cec-9cd5-6f30e32632d1/pericardiocentesis-anatomy-fluid-ringed-collects-sac-around.jpg Guides - Pericardiocentesis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Fluid (ringed) collects in the sac around the heart (the pericardium). A lot of fluid can squeeze the heart (tamponade). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ec397e8a-2fd4-4561-9241-c2efb079850d/pericardiocentesis-preparation-echo-confirms-fluid-consent-often.jpg Guides - Pericardiocentesis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before pericardiocentesis: echo confirms the fluid; consent, often urgent; monitoring and a cannula; then the cath lab with echo and X-ray guidance. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bba6c353-af2f-454f-95b8-d953bb3916df/pericardiocentesis-access-needle-enters-just-below-breastbone.jpg Guides - Pericardiocentesis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) the needle enters just below the breastbone; (2) fluid between the sac and the heart; (3) echo guidance keeps the heart clear. Other entry sites are used. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/aa5fe620-49d3-4715-8c34-aeb6ec01f494/pericardiocentesis-steps-needle-fluid-echo-wire-passed.jpg Guides - Pericardiocentesis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: needle into the fluid under echo. B: wire passed and checked on X-ray. C: soft pigtail drain over the wire. D: fluid drained and samples sent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4fe4a95d-33d2-4fcc-9fe9-ac70baaca764/pericardiocentesis-kit-main-generic-access-needle-syringe.jpg Guides - Pericardiocentesis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): access needle on a syringe; guidewire; pigtail drain with three-way tap; echo probe with sterile cover. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6b6ccd2b-ef5f-4cac-84df-f651b1368180/pericardiocentesis-recovery-rhythm-blood-pressure-drain-checks.jpg Guides - Pericardiocentesis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After pericardiocentesis: (1) rhythm, blood pressure and drain checks; (2) the drain usually stays 1 to 3 days, with echo checks; (3) removal on the ward; (4) follow-up depends on the cause. https://rodnieoro.com/home/renal-artery-stenting monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a78b0570-a318-4a1c-817a-ba2875102b00/renal-artery-stenting-anatomy-narrowed-ringed-opening-left-kidney.jpg Guides - Renal artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A narrowed renal artery (ringed), at the opening of the artery to the left kidney. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a67a4d77-0a18-449f-9fd4-a0c5ac7ace11/renal-artery-stenting-preparation-scans-kidney-tests-consent-medicine.jpg Guides - Renal artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before renal artery stenting: scans, kidney tests and consent; medicine advice; checks on the day; local anaesthetic in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/be160de5-b27f-4174-badc-1cf1e305ade4/renal-artery-stenting-access-guide-catheter-aorta-sheath-femoral.jpg Guides - Renal artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) guide catheter at the renal artery; (2) aorta; (3) sheath in the femoral artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1b7fb406-4d79-4a82-b849-5587be116d12/renal-artery-stenting-steps-engage-wire-across-narrowing-balloon.jpg Guides - Renal artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: engage the renal artery. B: wire across the narrowing. C: balloon-expandable stent at the opening. D: angiogram checks the result. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/584b34bd-c339-4341-a6c4-18e7a4acc446/renal-artery-stenting-kit-main-generic-arterial-sheath-guide.jpg Guides - Renal artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): arterial sheath; renal guide catheter; guidewires; balloon-expandable stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/678536df-e3f3-4776-9446-4e54cf43867e/renal-artery-stenting-recovery-access-site-blood-pressure-kidney.jpg Guides - Renal artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After renal artery stenting: (1) access site, blood pressure and kidney checks; (2) often one night in hospital; (3) blood pressure medicines may be adjusted; (4) kidney blood tests and an ultrasound scan. https://rodnieoro.com/home/carotid-artery-stenting monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cf10a8c3-05f2-40c3-8c28-4f390dd28a81/carotid-artery-stenting-anatomy-narrowed-ringed-plaque-divides-neck.jpg Guides - Carotid artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A narrowed carotid artery (ringed): plaque where the artery divides in the neck. The carotid arteries carry blood to the brain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2980a710-f18b-4fd8-9584-0010cd395121/carotid-artery-stenting-preparation-scans-tests-consent-blood-thinners.jpg Guides - Carotid artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before carotid stenting: scans, tests and consent; blood thinners as prescribed; checks on the day, including neurology; usually awake in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/55354631-583f-46b1-900f-c0ea9a4cebe9/carotid-artery-stenting-access-long-sheath-guide-aorta-femoral.jpg Guides - Carotid artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) long sheath or guide in the carotid artery; (2) aorta; (3) sheath in the femoral artery. The arm artery is sometimes used. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ac79230d-1d73-4357-9ab8-7f8df6eb6be6/carotid-artery-stenting-steps-guide-neck-protection-filter-opened.jpg Guides - Carotid artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: guide to the neck. B: protection filter opened beyond the narrowing. C: self-expanding stent placed and ballooned. D: filter retrieved and result checked. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/180746c0-168b-421a-b969-26d2752c2fe5/carotid-artery-stenting-kit-main-generic-long-sheath-guide.jpg Guides - Carotid artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): long sheath or guide; embolic protection filter; self-expanding stent; balloons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b0d77d87-0bdd-4dd5-ba29-eeead4c94b54/carotid-artery-stenting-recovery-close-checks-blood-pressure-pulse.jpg Guides - Carotid artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After carotid stenting: (1) close checks of blood pressure, pulse, access site and neurology; (2) one or two nights in hospital; (3) blood thinners and a statin; (4) neck ultrasound and clinic review. https://rodnieoro.com/home/peripheral-angiography monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0040918c-6cbb-4f5a-b5b4-84cbb4a20848/peripheral-angiography-anatomy-arteries-legs-narrowing-ringed-thigh.jpg Guides - Peripheral angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Arteries to the legs, with a narrowing (ringed) in the thigh artery of the left leg. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6a0c35fd-366b-480d-a177-a72b5a63e785/peripheral-angiography-preparation-tests-consent-medicine-advice-checks.jpg Guides - Peripheral angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before peripheral angiography: tests and consent; medicine advice; checks on the day; local anaesthetic in the lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7bf1640c-0540-4982-985a-41c27af75d65/peripheral-angiography-access-catheter-tip-lower-aorta-sheath.jpg Guides - Peripheral angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter tip in the lower aorta; (2) sheath in the right femoral artery. Other arteries can be used. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/17090acb-5934-48f1-88d5-a6a75e7d2174/peripheral-angiography-steps-catheter-lower-aorta-run-off.jpg Guides - Peripheral angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: catheter in the lower aorta. B: run-off pictures follow the dye down both legs. C: selective views closer to a problem area. D: the team reviews and plans. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/01c2f161-aaf0-427e-9693-65ae085e3daa/peripheral-angiography-kit-main-generic-arterial-sheath-guidewires.jpg Guides - Peripheral angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): arterial sheath; guidewires; flush and selective catheters; contrast. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4083df89-45a2-401a-8b6d-d54f2435c16e/peripheral-angiography-recovery-site-pulse-blood-pressure-checks.jpg Guides - Peripheral angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After peripheral angiography: (1) site, pulse and blood pressure checks; (2) home the same day for most; (3) no heavy lifting for a few days; (4) your team explains the findings. https://rodnieoro.com/home/pulmonary-artery-balloon-angioplasty monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b4fe7fe5-9de3-4763-a3c2-230f1f132bd7/pulmonary-artery-balloon-angioplasty-anatomy-lung-branches-normal-narrowed-webs.jpg Guides - Pulmonary artery balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Lung artery branches: (1) normal; (2) narrowed by webs or scarring; (3) widened after balloon angioplasty. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ace6abb6-e4d8-4ff8-ad8f-539915bb4f2d/pulmonary-artery-balloon-angioplasty-preparation-scans-tests-consent-medicine-advice.jpg Guides - Pulmonary artery balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before pulmonary artery angioplasty: scans, tests and consent; medicine advice; checks on the day; then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/57bd2ba3-a17c-4076-b66c-429661b4d184/pulmonary-artery-balloon-angioplasty-access-wire-across-narrowed-lung-right.jpg Guides - Pulmonary artery balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) wire across the narrowed lung artery; (2) right ventricle and pulmonary artery; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheath in the femoral vein. The neck vein is an alternative. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/366a1899-2c4f-49c7-8934-25c96d7e223e/pulmonary-artery-balloon-angioplasty-steps-map-angiograms-wire-across-narrowing.jpg Guides - Pulmonary artery balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: map with pulmonary angiograms. B: wire across the narrowing. C: balloon inflated. D: angiograms and pressures check the result; a stent may be placed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/026c8ba0-2459-4246-8705-b25a8fdd62e7/pulmonary-artery-balloon-angioplasty-kit-main-generic-venous-sheath-long.jpg Guides - Pulmonary artery balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): venous sheath; long sheath or guide catheter; balloons; pressure transducer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d8b3ddde-c84d-4413-8318-3af5efa034d0/pulmonary-artery-balloon-angioplasty-recovery-oxygen-breathing-rhythm-access-site.jpg Guides - Pulmonary artery balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After pulmonary artery angioplasty: (1) oxygen, breathing, rhythm and access site checks; (2) often a night in hospital; (3) further sessions weeks apart are often needed for CTEPH; (4) follow-up with the pulmonary hypertension or congenital team. https://rodnieoro.com/home/balloon-atrial-septostomy monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/fb972bec-7e54-4b9a-bfb1-a84f1cc381a2/balloon-atrial-septostomy-anatomy-small-opening-between-atria-limits.jpg Guides - Atrial septostomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Atrial septostomy: (1) a small opening between the atria limits mixing or pressure relief; (2) after septostomy, a larger opening lets blood cross. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3395a780-2f92-45aa-8e0c-bd4f58f18092/balloon-atrial-septostomy-preparation-assessment-echo-consent-day-cath.jpg Guides - Atrial septostomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before atrial septostomy: assessment with echo; consent; on the day, in the cath lab or at the cot side with echo; then the septostomy. In newborns this is often urgent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d4427156-cfe4-471f-88e3-5aa8aa226577/balloon-atrial-septostomy-access-catheter-left-atrium-right-inferior.jpg Guides - Atrial septostomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) balloon catheter in the left atrium; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheath in the femoral vein (the umbilical vein in newborns). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/12de5f4e-0e83-43a5-b810-e971048c4e89/balloon-atrial-septostomy-steps-across-left-atrium-inflate-position.jpg Guides - Atrial septostomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2b411e71-3f9c-4b94-b975-5199855f61b4/balloon-atrial-septostomy-kit-main-generic-venous-sheath-catheter.jpg Guides - Atrial septostomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): venous sheath; septostomy balloon catheter; dilute contrast for filling the balloon; echo machine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9e650e78-bd9f-47ad-a37d-f4f4c9d78bdb/balloon-atrial-septostomy-recovery-oxygen-rhythm-access-site-checks.jpg Guides - Atrial septostomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After atrial septostomy: (1) oxygen, rhythm and access site checks; (2) babies continue care on the neonatal or cardiac unit; (3) adults are monitored on the ward; (4) follow-up with the congenital heart team. https://rodnieoro.com/home/coil-embolisation monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/01a96388-2818-4116-b235-b2e839422e57/coil-embolisation-anatomy-unwanted-vessel-blood-flowing-through.jpg Guides - Coil embolisation in the cath lab: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Coil embolisation: (1) an unwanted vessel with blood flowing through it; (2) coils packed through a small catheter; (3) a clot forms on the coils and seals it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/41efabf9-1bef-4f27-ab63-e5ba300f87d8/coil-embolisation-preparation-scans-tests-consent-medicine-advice.jpg Guides - Coil embolisation in the cath lab: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before coil embolisation: scans, tests and consent; medicine advice; checks on the day; then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/10194d88-5f8a-4ec7-9fd5-fcad6a101450/coil-embolisation-access-catheter-target-vessel-through-aorta.jpg Guides - Coil embolisation in the cath lab: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter at the target vessel; (2) through the aorta, or a vein, depending on the target; (3) sheath in the groin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5ee4623e-b4ad-42a9-8407-6351b8b4fe52/coil-embolisation-steps-map-angiograms-microcatheter-target-vessel.jpg Guides - Coil embolisation in the cath lab: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: map with angiograms. B: microcatheter in the target vessel. C: coils pushed out and packed. D: check the vessel is closed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c73dce55-e240-4b12-b0c6-17806ab3e866/coil-embolisation-kit-main-generic-sheath-microcatheter-guidewires.jpg Guides - Coil embolisation in the cath lab: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): sheath; microcatheter and guidewires; coils; snare for retrieval. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/85694e98-4c90-4e91-9501-177785c07012/coil-embolisation-recovery-access-site-observation-checks-home.jpg Guides - Coil embolisation in the cath lab: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After coil embolisation: (1) access site and observation checks; (2) home the same or next day; (3) avoid heavy lifting for a few days; (4) scan or clinic visit to check the vessel stays closed. https://rodnieoro.com/home/bypass-graft-stenting monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2365c0d9-4cd9-4f86-9daa-a4f8711b8e13/bypass-graft-stenting-anatomy-typical-grafts-mammary-artery-lad.jpg Guides - Bypass graft stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Typical grafts: (1) mammary artery graft to the LAD; (2) vein graft to the right coronary, a common site for a narrowing; (3) vein graft to a circumflex branch. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4b5d2d79-f7cc-4526-b074-33c86bd2b6c8/bypass-graft-stenting-preparation-tests-consent-medicine-advice-checks.jpg Guides - Bypass graft stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before bypass graft stenting: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9ce0d4ca-ab2a-4bfc-918e-a4de206ef249/bypass-graft-stenting-access-sheath-radial-artery-wrist-guide.jpg Guides - Bypass graft stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist; (2) guide catheter at the coronary artery opening; (3) catheter in the aorta. The groin (femoral artery) can be used instead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/184058e4-74e9-4581-a0a6-1b32b55af656/bypass-graft-stenting-steps-engage-wire-protection-stent-check.jpg Guides - Bypass graft stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: engage graft. B: wire and protection. C: stent. D: check. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/eba70f6d-0c32-45c4-a407-befcd70b6b2b/bypass-graft-stenting-kit-main-generic-sheath-shaped-guide.jpg Guides - Bypass graft stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Mai kit (generic): sheath; graft-shaped guide catheter; guidewires; PCI kit; distal protection device; stents; heparin; surgical notes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3945cb4c-f6d5-4a57-8df6-a97042a5efe0/bypass-graft-stenting-recovery-site-checks-often-home-same.jpg Guides - Bypass graft stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After bypass graft stenting: (1) site checks; (2) often home the same or next day; (3) avoid heavy lifting for a few days; (4) medicines and follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/distal-embolic-protection monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/857ac7c1-a5ab-4c2b-9957-508fc78728e0/distal-embolic-protection-anatomy-narrowing-could-release-debris-filter.jpg Guides - Distal embolic protection: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) A narrowing that could release debris; (2) a filter beyond it catches debris; (3) filter retrieved, artery open. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/73c6d3ea-b34a-4428-a7db-bf23c1500b51/distal-embolic-protection-preparation-tests-consent-medicine-advice-checks.jpg Guides - Distal embolic protection: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before distal embolic protection: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6ca68600-7127-40df-b412-99feb4c3f7bb/distal-embolic-protection-access-sheath-radial-artery-wrist-guide.jpg Guides - Distal embolic protection: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist; (2) guide catheter at the coronary artery opening; (3) catheter in the aorta. The groin (femoral artery) can be used instead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3ea5672d-7a5c-468b-ac6b-0e6a4784a78c/distal-embolic-protection-steps-cross-open-filter-treat-retrieve.jpg Guides - Distal embolic protection: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: cross. B: open filter. C: treat. D: retrieve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a61605a8-6b12-43f2-801a-c0f432faa8a4/distal-embolic-protection-kit-main-generic-sheath-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Distal embolic protection: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): sheath; guide catheter; guidewires; PCI kit; filter device and retrieval catheter; stents and balloons; heparin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3da27187-8d55-44c6-9f62-68ce76c96702/distal-embolic-protection-recovery-site-checks-often-home-same.jpg Guides - Distal embolic protection: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After distal embolic protection: (1) site checks; (2) often home the same or next day; (3) avoid heavy lifting for a few days; (4) medicines and follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/cutting-balloon-angioplasty monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a4c1fe74-22a5-4cd7-84be-e7b423291a1c/cutting-balloon-angioplasty-anatomy-standard-slip-tear-tough-plaque.jpg Guides - Cutting and scoring balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) A standard balloon may slip or tear tough plaque unevenly; (2) a cutting balloon scores it with small blades; (3) scored plaque opens more evenly. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5d2d22b3-59ec-4228-be39-b2bff7c7de7c/cutting-balloon-angioplasty-preparation-scoring-tests-consent-medicine-advice.jpg Guides - Cutting and scoring balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before cutting or scoring balloon angioplasty: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9708d058-3b96-4bb8-b6e5-234a9b4c0969/cutting-balloon-angioplasty-access-sheath-radial-artery-wrist-guide.jpg Guides - Cutting and scoring balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist; (2) guide catheter at the coronary artery opening; (3) catheter in the aorta. The groin (femoral artery) can be used instead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a5050558-fba9-45e4-9109-05b80cb702a5/cutting-balloon-angioplasty-steps-wire-across-place-slow-inflation.jpg Guides - Cutting and scoring balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire across. B: balloon in place. C: slow inflation. D: stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ba67bca2-90a5-4401-8ec6-4294a6a1d1f8/cutting-balloon-angioplasty-kit-main-generic-sheath-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Cutting and scoring balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): sheath; guide catheter; guidewires; PCI kit; cutting or scoring balloon; other balloons; stents; heparin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b950ec9d-2dc2-4a39-a960-0ef8eac1b799/cutting-balloon-angioplasty-recovery-scoring-site-checks-often-home.jpg Guides - Cutting and scoring balloon angioplasty: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After cutting or scoring balloon angioplasty: (1) site checks; (2) often home the same or next day; (3) avoid heavy lifting for a few days; (4) medicines and follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/coronary-atherectomy-rotational-orbital monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/feefae8a-b820-4fa0-a0b6-838f870d3101/coronary-atherectomy-rotational-orbital-anatomy-hard-calcified-plaque-spinning-tip.jpg Guides - Rotational and orbital atherectomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) Hard calcified plaque; (2) a spinning tip sands the calcium; (3) modified plaque, ready for balloon and stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/952b9f02-a511-4f75-9f37-f82cd3387a93/coronary-atherectomy-rotational-orbital-preparation-tests-consent-medicine-advice-checks.jpg Guides - Rotational and orbital atherectomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before rotational or orbital atherectomy: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f32f12a8-6772-4d8d-8ec7-4c5ec7e0f70a/coronary-atherectomy-rotational-orbital-access-sheath-radial-artery-wrist-guide.jpg Guides - Rotational and orbital atherectomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist; (2) guide catheter at the coronary artery opening; (3) catheter in the aorta. The groin (femoral artery) can be used instead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e6724348-3690-40b9-8e75-d9c1999d2e5b/coronary-atherectomy-rotational-orbital-steps-special-wire-device-advanced-short.jpg Guides - Rotational and orbital atherectomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: special wire. B: device advanced. C: short runs. D: balloon and stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4caf8e39-1728-4483-800d-6fe7f23025a0/coronary-atherectomy-rotational-orbital-kit-main-generic-sheath-guide-catheter.jpg Guides - Rotational and orbital atherectomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): sheath; guide catheter; guidewires; PCI kit; atherectomy system and wire; balloons; stents; heparin and flush. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ecde15c9-309a-43a9-a835-86dac31cc436/coronary-atherectomy-rotational-orbital-recovery-site-checks-often-home-same.jpg Guides - Rotational and orbital atherectomy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After rotational or orbital atherectomy: (1) site checks; (2) often home the same or next day; (3) avoid heavy lifting for a few days; (4) medicines and follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/myocardial-metabolism-studies monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/aca9a79f-1b8f-4a3b-9f64-43e9879324d0/myocardial-metabolism-studies-anatomy-paired-samples-blood-artery-out.jpg Guides - Myocardial metabolism studies (research): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Paired samples: (1) blood in (artery) and (2) blood out (coronary sinus). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c492f5cf-a1d4-4e2a-9c34-d2a6e0a96e09/myocardial-metabolism-studies-preparation-procedure-research-information-consent-medicine.jpg Guides - Myocardial metabolism studies (research): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before the procedure: research information and consent; medicine and fasting advice; checks on the day; then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8de35ff9-7734-44ba-b89b-d4e1832db639/myocardial-metabolism-studies-access-catheter-coronary-sinus-inferior-vena.jpg Guides - Myocardial metabolism studies (research): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter in the coronary sinus; (2) inferior vena cava; (3) sheath in the right femoral vein. An artery is used for the arterial samples. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/67bb3c16-33b8-4ba7-bcd4-0c212902b7fc/myocardial-metabolism-studies-steps-find-coronary-sinus-paired-samples.jpg Guides - Myocardial metabolism studies (research): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: find the coronary sinus. B: paired samples. C: repeat. D: finish. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2fd1d2a0-f389-4711-8304-a8aa5d8a468e/myocardial-metabolism-studies-kit-main-generic-venous-arterial-sheaths.jpg Guides - Myocardial metabolism studies (research): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): venous and arterial sheaths; coronary sinus catheter; labelled sample tubes; ice or transport per study protocol. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c884ce78-df1e-43a2-b7d4-cba263261016/myocardial-metabolism-studies-recovery-procedure-site-rhythm-checks-home.jpg Guides - Myocardial metabolism studies (research): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After the procedure: (1) site and rhythm checks; (2) home for most; (3) avoid heavy lifting; (4) results and plan. https://rodnieoro.com/home/cardiac-shunt-detection-oximetry monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7b0a5eba-ddbd-4d7f-b5f7-fe5a58d13af8/cardiac-shunt-detection-oximetry-anatomy-oxygen-samples-chamber-reveal-example.jpg Guides - Shunt detection (oximetry run): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Oxygen samples from each chamber reveal a shunt. Example values, illustration only: a step-up from the veins (SVC, IVC) to the right atrium points to a shunt at atrial level. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ce096a59-33cc-4780-8666-268786f12622/cardiac-shunt-detection-oximetry-preparation-procedure-tests-consent-medicine-advice.jpg Guides - Shunt detection (oximetry run): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before the procedure: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bbd4de10-8354-4c58-8134-60a00edfbfe7/cardiac-shunt-detection-oximetry-access-sampling-catheter-right-heart-inferior.jpg Guides - Shunt detection (oximetry run): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sampling catheter in the right heart; (2) inferior vena cava; (3) sheath in the right femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1b6ae0ca-27aa-4df6-acf1-8a85caa5e1c3/cardiac-shunt-detection-oximetry-steps-veins-right-heart-lung-artery.jpg Guides - Shunt detection (oximetry run): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: veins. B: right heart. C: lung artery. D: artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/440f1a86-abab-4882-8ffa-657acc9eeb10/cardiac-shunt-detection-oximetry-kit-main-generic-venous-sheath-end.jpg Guides - Shunt detection (oximetry run): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): venous sheath; end-hole or balloon catheter; labelled syringes; blood gas analyser. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/60928827-e481-4636-8c49-9e85f1199aef/cardiac-shunt-detection-oximetry-recovery-procedure-site-rhythm-checks-home.jpg Guides - Shunt detection (oximetry run): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After the procedure: (1) site and rhythm checks; (2) home for most; (3) avoid heavy lifting; (4) results and plan. https://rodnieoro.com/home/bypass-graft-angiography monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7f7ddebc-f3ce-4b05-92b7-4c106dbf79b2/bypass-graft-angiography-anatomy-grafts-filled-contrast-typical-pattern.jpg Guides - Bypass graft angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Bypass grafts filled with contrast (typical pattern): (1) mammary artery graft to the LAD; (2) vein graft from the aorta to the right coronary; (3) vein graft to a circumflex branch. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e88be2fd-bcb1-4465-8f66-ccf6075f7d3b/bypass-graft-angiography-preparation-procedure-tests-consent-medicine-advice.jpg Guides - Bypass graft angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before the procedure: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d1593d32-bca3-48ec-b78d-425ed376fdad/bypass-graft-angiography-access-sheath-right-femoral-artery-catheter.jpg Guides - Bypass graft angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the right femoral artery; (2) catheter at the bypass grafts; (3) aorta. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/edef7605-3ba3-423c-9ac8-5cba657a5346/bypass-graft-angiography-steps-native-arteries-vein-grafts-mammary.jpg Guides - Bypass graft angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: native arteries. B: vein grafts. C: mammary graft. D: review. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b5bc95f9-6ae1-4cd5-8549-85cba9bf0f56/bypass-graft-angiography-kit-main-generic-sheath-catheters-guidewires.jpg Guides - Bypass graft angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): sheath; catheters; guidewires; contrast; heparin; surgical notes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6071b844-98f2-4234-b47b-21b3c6f1241c/bypass-graft-angiography-recovery-procedure-site-rhythm-checks-home.jpg Guides - Bypass graft angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After the procedure: (1) site and rhythm checks; (2) home for most; (3) avoid heavy lifting; (4) results and plan. https://rodnieoro.com/home/pulmonary-angiography monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7fd5d38a-19de-4f69-a1e5-7a30da0e3a3a/pulmonary-angiography-anatomy-catheter-artery-contrast-lungs.jpg Guides - Pulmonary angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Catheter in the pulmonary artery, with contrast in the lungs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f487120e-88d1-4b32-8b01-6bcb89ca56c9/pulmonary-angiography-preparation-tests-consent-medicine-advice-checks.jpg Guides - Pulmonary angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before pulmonary angiography: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/09f86381-75da-443f-84c5-07574d6cbc84/pulmonary-angiography-access-catheter-artery-right-ventricle-inferior.jpg Guides - Pulmonary angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter in a pulmonary artery; (2) right ventricle; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheath in the femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a1b1cae4-510c-45f3-9437-0aaf421a2eb9/pulmonary-angiography-steps-catheter-through-right-atrium-ventricle.jpg Guides - Pulmonary angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: catheter through the right atrium and ventricle. B: into the right or left lung artery. C: contrast injected while pictures are taken. D: the other side. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/67f429c0-6ab2-41de-9374-110d2d209946/pulmonary-angiography-kit-main-generic-venous-sheath-balloon.jpg Guides - Pulmonary angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): venous sheath; balloon-tipped or angled catheter; guidewire; contrast pump. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a622a3b7-cfac-403c-a5a3-804f97731e28/pulmonary-angiography-recovery-procedure-site-rhythm-checks-home.jpg Guides - Pulmonary angiography: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After the procedure: (1) site and rhythm checks; (2) home for most; (3) avoid heavy lifting; (4) results and plan. https://rodnieoro.com/home/right-and-left-heart-catheterisation monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4d59dbfc-fd49-4994-9138-c4294ad10906/right-and-left-heart-catheterisation-anatomy-catheters-catheter-through-vein-lung.jpg Guides - Right and left heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Right and left heart catheters: (1) right heart catheter through a vein, to the lung artery; (2) left heart catheter through an artery, into the left ventricle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/22108c01-a2e3-4c68-bca7-5d5c6ffea1e8/right-and-left-heart-catheterisation-preparation-procedure-tests-consent-medicine-advice.jpg Guides - Right and left heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before the procedure: tests and consent, medicine advice, checks on the day, then the cath lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/879b0f52-5000-41ae-a46c-3c48c991af79/right-and-left-heart-catheterisation-access-catheter-inferior-vena-cava-sheath.jpg Guides - Right and left heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter in the right heart; (2) inferior vena cava; (3) sheath in the right femoral vein. An artery is used for the left heart. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/92284614-ba84-4322-8077-3f6d0f9ed854/right-and-left-heart-catheterisation-steps-pressures-wedge-pressure-samples-output.jpg Guides - Right and left heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: right heart pressures. B: wedge pressure. C: samples and output. D: left heart pressures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d083b3ce-d6f7-4f70-b242-e6d1c381a0a2/right-and-left-heart-catheterisation-kit-main-generic-venous-sheath-balloon.jpg Guides - Right and left heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Main kit (generic): venous sheath; balloon-tipped catheter; pigtail catheter; pressure transducers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/96361674-1d88-466c-8680-f81fce9d8a6d/right-and-left-heart-catheterisation-recovery-procedure-site-rhythm-checks-home.jpg Guides - Right and left heart catheterisation: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After the procedure: (1) site and rhythm checks; (2) home for most; (3) avoid heavy lifting; (4) results and plan. https://rodnieoro.com/home/cath-lab-procedures-reference monthly 0.5 2026-10-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/06e25a1a-802f-4f61-8d9e-a9d4a5c7deef/cath-lab-procedures-reference-categories.jpg Guides - Cath Lab &amp; Surgical Procedures: Complete Reference List - Make it stand out The 51 procedures on this page, grouped into seven categories. Original illustration for rodnieoro.com. https://rodnieoro.com/home/unicorn-tavi monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/431c8c32-8157-4b18-a066-02e3d7f821a2/unicorn-anatomy-coronary-obstruction-risk-cut-away.jpg Guides - UNICORN (valve through the leaflet in TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Coronary obstruction risk, cut-away of the aortic root: (A) in usual valve-in-valve, the old leaflet forms a skirt that can cover the coronary; (B) with UNICORN the valve goes through a hole in the leaflet, leaving only a small skirt on that side. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/38bf1d72-1979-4b35-92bf-147f4731776e/unicorn-technique-three-ways-open-leaflet-basilica.jpg Guides - UNICORN (valve through the leaflet in TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Three ways to open the leaflet: (1) BASILICA: a wire loop splits the leaflet; (2) UNICORN: the valve is expanded through a hole in the leaflet; (3) LLAMACORN: a large balloon tears it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cf3c70e5-59fd-457d-8f01-03fac68819f4/unicorn-access-femoral-tavi-sheath-right-artery.jpg Guides - UNICORN (valve through the leaflet in TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Femoral access: (1) TAVI sheath, right femoral artery; (2) leaflet catheter, left femoral artery; (3) pacing wire in the femoral vein; (4) the aortic root and the target leaflet. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f4fc01bc-3cd9-4d17-84ec-854245867cd0/unicorn-steps-wire-traverses-leaflet-balloons-widen.jpg Guides - UNICORN (valve through the leaflet in TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: the wire traverses the leaflet. B: balloons widen the window. C: the crimped valve crosses the window. D: the valve is expanded and the leaflet is pushed aside. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0a690464-ae52-4bfb-9dc7-f4609493d833/unicorn-technique-seen-above-traversal-point-risk.jpg Guides - UNICORN (valve through the leaflet in TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Seen from above: (1) the traversal point on the at-risk leaflet; (2) the new valve sits inside, with that leaflet opened away from the coronary. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8818fb1a-e6ac-486a-bab6-4b22c0aece89/unicorn-recovery-tavi-monitoring-echo-bloods-home.jpg Guides - UNICORN (valve through the leaflet in TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After UNICORN and TAVI: (1) monitoring; (2) echo and bloods; (3) home after a few nights; (4) follow-up at 6 to 10 weeks. https://rodnieoro.com/home/llamacorn-tavi monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9f482c4d-692c-41ac-91e0-27820b43ff50/llamacorn-anatomy-coronary-obstruction-risk-cut-away.jpg Guides - LLAMACORN (balloon leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Coronary obstruction risk, cut-away of the aortic root: (A) the old leaflet, pushed aside by the new valve, can cover the coronary opening; (B) after LLAMACORN the torn leaflet leaves the coronary open. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e3e41c02-5543-4052-9b1b-e04cd75cac83/llamacorn-technique-three-ways-open-leaflet-basilica.jpg Guides - LLAMACORN (balloon leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Three ways to open the leaflet: (1) BASILICA: a wire loop splits the leaflet; (2) UNICORN: the valve goes through a hole in the leaflet; (3) LLAMACORN: a large balloon tears the leaflet open. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e4b29afb-ab4f-4075-a7ae-7f40c644bbf7/llamacorn-access-femoral-tavi-sheath-right-artery.jpg Guides - LLAMACORN (balloon leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Femoral access: (1) TAVI sheath, right femoral artery; (2) leaflet catheters, left femoral artery; (3) pacing wire in the femoral vein; (4) the aortic root and the target leaflet. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1b9ca9ba-ecce-4ac8-9e23-25581db9bc4f/llamacorn-steps-wire-traverses-base-leaflet-small.jpg Guides - LLAMACORN (balloon leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: the wire traverses the base of the leaflet. B: small balloons make a track through it. C: a large balloon tears the leaflet open. D: TAVI is deployed and the coronary stays open. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a05b7965-cfb5-4202-8c25-dc85a2363e13/llamacorn-technique-seen-above-traversal-point-base.jpg Guides - LLAMACORN (balloon leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Seen from above: (1) the traversal point at the base of the leaflet in front of the at-risk coronary; (2) after the tear and TAVI, the leaflet opens and the coronary is uncovered. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ed03fa15-64ac-4a4e-bc3b-88288f52ae39/llamacorn-recovery-tavi-monitoring-echo-bloods-home.jpg Guides - LLAMACORN (balloon leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After LLAMACORN and TAVI: (1) monitoring; (2) echo and bloods; (3) home after a few nights; (4) follow-up at 6 to 10 weeks. https://rodnieoro.com/home/stem-cell-infusion monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c2163770-a366-44cf-8d7b-95364251111f/stem-cell-infusion-anatomy-research-pathway-bone-marrow-collected.jpg Guides - Intracoronary cell infusion (research procedure): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Research pathway: (1) bone marrow collected; (2) cells processed in the lab; (3) cells infused into a coronary artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/de1abeb3-e5b8-4e15-b294-b210029ac362/stem-cell-infusion-technique-stop-flow-low-pressure-balloon.jpg Guides - Intracoronary cell infusion (research procedure): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Stop-flow: (1) a low-pressure balloon briefly stops flow; (2) cells are infused beyond it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/11bd75ca-16d7-4a20-9d8f-f1f1bd910cf1/stem-cell-infusion-access-catheter-coronary-artery-aorta-sheath.jpg Guides - Intracoronary cell infusion (research procedure): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter at the coronary artery; (2) aorta; (3) sheath in the right radial artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f13ea949-bce0-4d58-805e-c48ade4798b9/stem-cell-infusion-steps-wire-balloon-place-stop-flow.jpg Guides - Intracoronary cell infusion (research procedure): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire. B: balloon in place. C: stop flow, infuse cells. D: release; repeat. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/42b14ac4-98d6-4475-b4fc-f107c3773ab6/stem-cell-infusion-preparation-taking-part-research-information-consent.jpg Guides - Intracoronary cell infusion (research procedure): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Taking part in research: (1) information and consent; (2) screening; (3) procedure; (4) follow-up visits. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0f36f165-4dc6-45b3-9d07-30015d326276/stem-cell-infusion-recovery-checks-home-most-bone-marrow.jpg Guides - Intracoronary cell infusion (research procedure): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After cell infusion: (1) checks; (2) home for most; (3) bone marrow site sore for a few days; (4) study follow-up visits. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c4c717d0-e6c2-409c-9ccd-268362f0fd9c/stem-cell-infusion-kit-right-coronary-shape-diagnostic-catheter.jpg Guides - Intracoronary cell infusion (research procedure): a Cath Lab 101 guide Right coronary shape diagnostic catheter (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/lampoon monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/436654ee-1e4f-4768-b2fc-afd5b4a74a1f/lampoon-anatomy-lvot-obstruction-risk-anterior-mitral.jpg Guides - LAMPOON (mitral leaflet laceration before TMVR): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out LVOT obstruction risk: (A) the anterior mitral leaflet, pushed by the new valve, narrows the outflow tract; (B) outflow open. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9f62125b-9283-44bb-9007-23ce31ee81df/lampoon-technique-outline-electrified-wire-crosses-anterior.jpg Guides - LAMPOON (mitral leaflet laceration before TMVR): a Cath Lab 101 guide LAMPOON in outline: (A) an electrified wire crosses the anterior leaflet from the LV side; (B) it is caught by a snare in the left atrium; (C) pulled through with energy on, it splits the leaflet. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/80b7b89d-53e4-42ca-abad-317d2e33a7e2/lampoon-recovery-tmvr-split-leaflet-splays-aside.jpg Guides - LAMPOON (mitral leaflet laceration before TMVR): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After LAMPOON and TMVR, the split leaflet splays aside and blood can flow into the outflow tract. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/89ac0f18-af10-4541-ac5f-6fe9f956e878/lampoon-access-transseptal-route-femoral-vein-retrograde.jpg Guides - LAMPOON (mitral leaflet laceration before TMVR): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) transseptal route from the femoral vein; (2) retrograde route from the femoral artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ff0a87b9-9c7a-4d36-8697-04520697bbf3/lampoon-steps-catheter-lvot-snare-left-atrium.jpg Guides - LAMPOON (mitral leaflet laceration before TMVR): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: catheter in the LVOT and snare in the left atrium. B: the wire crosses the leaflet and is snared. C: the leaflet is lacerated. D: TMVR, with the split leaflet splayed aside. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/164be97c-d33f-4395-845c-2c286e9d4d06/lampoon-steps-wire-crosses-anterior-leaflet-pulled.jpg Guides - LAMPOON (mitral leaflet laceration before TMVR): a Cath Lab 101 guide A: the wire crosses the anterior leaflet. B: pulled through with energy on, it splits the leaflet from its base towards the free edge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6f7ae49d-1b55-432f-8ef9-63f0de4cd59e/lampoon-technique-valve-seen-left-atrium-anterior.jpg Guides - LAMPOON (mitral leaflet laceration before TMVR): a Cath Lab 101 guide The valve seen from the left atrium. (A) Before: the anterior leaflet is intact. (B) After LAMPOON and TMVR: (1) the split anterior leaflet; (2) the new valve in the ring. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0620cd8f-54cf-4253-af87-01d082d6f196/lampoon-planning-patient-predicted-neo-lvot-small.jpg Guides - LAMPOON (mitral leaflet laceration before TMVR): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated CT planning, not a patient scan: the predicted neo-LVOT. A small area means a higher risk of obstruction; thresholds follow your centre's protocol. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f9feb37b-b648-4f0e-870a-66f769dc1e5a/lampoon-recovery-tmvr-monitoring-echo-bloods-home.jpg Guides - LAMPOON (mitral leaflet laceration before TMVR): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After LAMPOON and TMVR: (1) monitoring; (2) echo and bloods; (3) home after a few nights; (4) follow-up at 6 to 10 weeks. https://rodnieoro.com/home/basilica monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/649e6d34-7112-41ba-858d-12bdd570563c/basilica-anatomy-coronary-obstruction-risk-cut-away.jpg Guides - BASILICA (leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Coronary obstruction risk, cut-away of the aortic root: (A) the old leaflet, pushed aside by the new valve, can cover the coronary opening; (B) after BASILICA the split leaflet no longer covers it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/94be7262-a4b4-4bfe-ad9f-70a5f5c25d8b/basilica-technique-seen-above-aorta-towards-heart.jpg Guides - BASILICA (leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide Seen from above (aorta towards the heart): (1) the wire crosses the base of the leaflet in front of the at-risk coronary; (2) after BASILICA and TAVI the leaflet is split and splays apart, so the coronary is uncovered. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3d553a2f-38ba-4cbc-8aea-698d9a13de85/basilica-recovery-tavi-split-leaflet-splays-apart.jpg Guides - BASILICA (leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After BASILICA and TAVI the split leaflet splays apart against the wall: (1) one half; (2) the other half; (3) the gap between them, so blood can still reach the coronary artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/198cc4bf-79a5-4b87-85a3-06a1de959bd2/basilica-access-femoral-catheter-laceration-wire-right.jpg Guides - BASILICA (leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Femoral access: (1) catheter for the laceration wire, right femoral artery; (2) catheter holding the snare, left femoral artery; (3) pacing wire in the femoral vein; (4) the aortic root and the target leaflet. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/509c300c-9dbc-4e11-ba1c-e212ed2d1174/basilica-steps-wire-crosses-base-leaflet-snared.jpg Guides - BASILICA (leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: the wire crosses the base of the leaflet and is snared. B: the wire is pulled through with energy on, splitting the leaflet from base to free edge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4b6fd679-86b0-4b66-8dc4-ad15a0bf9f51/basilica-steps-guide-catheter-leaflet-snare-waiting.jpg Guides - BASILICA (leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide A: guide catheter at the leaflet and a snare waiting in the LVOT. B: the wire passes through the base of the leaflet and is snared. C: the energised wire is pulled through the leaflet (the flying V). D: TAVI; the split leaflet splays apart and the coronary stays open. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/64eb2cb7-6df2-47fc-a801-cd3a8118b25e/basilica-planning-patient-dashed-box-planned-valve.jpg Guides - BASILICA (leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated CT planning, not a patient scan. The dashed box is the planned valve; the arrow is the predicted distance between the pushed-aside leaflet and the coronary opening. A short distance, for example under about 4 mm, suggests a higher risk. Thresholds are examples. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5ba8339e-9bd2-4838-a582-837d22da2145/basilica-recovery-tavi-monitoring-echo-bloods-home.jpg Guides - BASILICA (leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After BASILICA and TAVI: (1) monitoring; (2) echo and bloods; (3) home after a few nights; (4) follow-up at 6 to 10 weeks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9cddcd5c-c65e-4b52-bba3-1a25e8d22e0f/basilica-kit-internal-mammary-multipurpose-diagnostic-catheters.jpg Guides - BASILICA (leaflet laceration before TAVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide Internal mammary and multipurpose diagnostic catheters; pigtail catheters (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/extraction-of-leadless-pacemaker monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0e7a71b8-6d44-42f0-b1d5-884a0ffe595b/leadless-pacemaker-retrieval-anatomy-standard-box-lead-small-capsule.jpg Guides - Leadless pacemaker retrieval (extraction): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) Standard pacemaker: box and lead. (2) Leadless pacemaker: a small capsule inside the right ventricle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/09e07619-5504-463a-9235-f10baf69da37/leadless-pacemaker-retrieval-technique-snare-loop-teal-catches-docking.jpg Guides - Leadless pacemaker retrieval (extraction): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A snare loop (teal) catches the docking button at the end of the capsule. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6c6c1cf4-464d-4af9-99ce-361c7f78a868/leadless-pacemaker-retrieval-access-catheter-capsule-right-ventricle-atrium.jpg Guides - Leadless pacemaker retrieval (extraction): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter at the capsule in the right ventricle; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) large sheath in the right femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/eb4707bf-dcfb-4999-a191-f2b2089a2610/leadless-pacemaker-retrieval-steps-approach-snare-button-free-wall.jpg Guides - Leadless pacemaker retrieval (extraction): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: approach. B: snare the button. C: free from the wall. D: draw into the sheath and remove. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b87ce5f7-5aca-476c-b9c6-6d0329933200/leadless-pacemaker-retrieval-technique-figure-eight-stitch-closes-groin.jpg Guides - Leadless pacemaker retrieval (extraction): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A figure-of-eight (Z) stitch closes the groin after the large sheath is removed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/95abf4d4-247b-4967-a924-6ecc5b22fa9a/leadless-pacemaker-retrieval-recovery-checks-home-most-stitch-out.jpg Guides - Leadless pacemaker retrieval (extraction): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After retrieval: (1) checks; (2) home for most; (3) stitch out, no heavy lifting for a week; (4) device clinic. https://rodnieoro.com/home/bt-blalock-taussig-shunt-closure monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9e052d69-b5f4-4eaa-8c36-4fcaae18c18e/bt-shunt-closure-anatomy-ringed-small-tube-yellow-branch.jpg Guides - BT shunt closure and pulmonary artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A BT shunt (ringed): a small tube (yellow) from a branch of the aorta to a pulmonary artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/fa478c15-cc02-46e7-9b1e-858293eedbec/bt-shunt-closure-recovery-repair-open-send-extra-blood.jpg Guides - BT shunt closure and pulmonary artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After repair, an open shunt can send extra blood to the lungs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b74ace1d-1ce7-429f-8c2d-cc2fac62caf7/bt-shunt-closure-access-catheter-aorta-sheath-right-femoral.jpg Guides - BT shunt closure and pulmonary artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter in the shunt; (2) aorta; (3) sheath in the right femoral artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e565e970-f3ed-4bfe-9dbd-0dad4fff44f8/bt-shunt-closure-steps-angiogram-test-occlusion-plug-check.jpg Guides - BT shunt closure and pulmonary artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: angiogram. B: test occlusion. C: plug in the shunt. D: check, then release. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/621d6d7c-9c65-4881-8535-b0f5d302a6ff/bt-shunt-closure-technique-pulmonary-artery-stenting-narrowed-branch.jpg Guides - BT shunt closure and pulmonary artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Pulmonary artery stenting: (1) a narrowed branch; (2) widened with a stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e181b53d-5cb2-4ee5-8b99-420ee958aa4c/bt-shunt-closure-recovery-pulses-oxygen-groin-checks-home.jpg Guides - BT shunt closure and pulmonary artery stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After BT shunt closure: (1) pulses, oxygen and groin checks; (2) home next day for many; (3) medicines as advised; (4) echo follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/pv-pulmonay-vein-venoplasty monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2f5d46fa-46bd-4bc7-a2be-58a17d8aab3e/pulmonary-vein-venoplasty-anatomy-stenosis-circled-narrowed-joins-left.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vein venoplasty and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Pulmonary vein stenosis: one vein (circled) is narrowed where it joins the left atrium. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b50576af-4f06-460e-993b-2796fb623f95/pulmonary-vein-venoplasty-technique-narrowed-causes-blood-back-part.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vein venoplasty and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A narrowed vein causes blood to back up in that part of the lung: (1) narrowed vein; (2) blood backs up in that part of the lung. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b398f908-5a54-4798-88f9-668841b68729/pulmonary-vein-venoplasty-access-across-septum-left-atrium-right.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vein venoplasty and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) across the septum into the left atrium; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheath in the right femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d194bc4c-c0e6-4771-8b7d-9401703254d0/pulmonary-vein-venoplasty-steps-wire-across-balloon-inflated-stent.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vein venoplasty and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire across. B: balloon inflated. C: stent placed. D: vein widened; check. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/79a107e7-c9e4-46f1-b460-059b9ca9c647/pulmonary-vein-venoplasty-imaging-scans-narrowing-widened-stent.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vein venoplasty and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated, not real scans. Before: narrowing. After: widened vein with stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2f9ade0a-cc6e-45f0-82b0-008001baefa9/pulmonary-vein-venoplasty-recovery-checks-home-nights-blood-thinners.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vein venoplasty and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After venoplasty: (1) checks; (2) home after 1 to 2 nights; (3) blood thinners as advised; (4) scans to check the vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e2980e4e-d682-4850-af4e-5ba0c1d19e88/pulmonary-vein-venoplasty-kit-diagnostic-catheters-pigtail-multipurpose-rapid.jpg Guides - Pulmonary vein venoplasty and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide Diagnostic catheters (pigtail, multipurpose and a rapid-exchange catheter), per operator (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/lv-biopsy monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1bea3f8f-c6fe-4849-bfc8-2854d9948a2b/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-anatomy-samples-taken-wall-left-ventricle.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Samples are taken from the wall of the left ventricle (marks). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/23ea7e2f-a451-4247-b153-ff4d4c0c1c13/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-imaging-slides-normal-muscle-inflammation-abnormal.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated, not real slides. A biopsy can show (1) normal muscle, (2) inflammation or (3) abnormal deposits. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/086f8f62-0956-4333-8a5c-15f6fd62fc6d/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-access-femoral-artery-radial-wrist-aorta.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) femoral artery, or the radial artery at the wrist; (2) aorta; (3) catheter across the aortic valve into the left ventricle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5791f333-95d3-49e5-a015-22096f59b28f/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-steps-guide-bioptome-bite-withdraw-sample.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: guide in the LV. B: bioptome in. C: bite. D: withdraw the sample. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e49891c8-8418-4bef-9ab8-c4c43c2be6e4/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-technique-samples-right-pots-fixative-histology.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Samples go into the right pots: fixative for histology; saline or medium for virology, as per laboratory instructions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8b6065cd-bd6a-4059-80a3-43bfd247aee6/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-recovery-checks-echo-home-most-results.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After LV biopsy: (1) checks and echo; (2) home for most; (3) results in days to weeks; (4) clinic review. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a920cd09-5f1c-4a11-9e1a-a6d49a051cec/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-kit-bioptome.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide Bioptome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9bf0efe6-a926-4f5c-a387-53260cfcc6e8/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-kit-pigtail-diagnostic-catheter-guide-list.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide Pigtail diagnostic catheter (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2067ab3c-9dab-4ad3-8178-02f39cd16baf/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-kit-fixative-pot-histology.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide Fixative pot for histology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ddeeff6b-da8a-41ad-abc9-d1ef62d5599a/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-kit-saline-medium-pot-virology.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide Saline or medium pot for virology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b5133dde-b452-467c-b9a0-98651e513f7f/lv-endomyocardial-biopsy-kit-labels-laboratory-instructions.jpg Guides - Left ventricular (endomyocardial) biopsy: a Cath Lab 101 guide Labels per laboratory instructions https://rodnieoro.com/home/transcaval-tavi monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/94275a93-f7da-4afe-9e85-956548069247/transcaval-tavi-anatomy-normal-valve-severe-aortic-stenosis.jpg Guides - Transcaval TAVI (caval-aortic access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Normal valve vs severe aortic stenosis (AS), cut-open aortic root drawn in systole. Normal: the leaflets open fully against the wall. Severe AS: calcified, stiff leaflets, a narrow fast jet and a thick LV wall. The coronary arteries start from the sinuses just above the valve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/99381ac7-f31b-4f3a-80dc-4a3ff27c93a1/transcaval-tavi-crossing-ivc-aorta-snare-close-up.jpg Guides - Transcaval TAVI (caval-aortic access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Close-up: the aortic catheter holds a snare as a target (1); the IVC catheter aims at it (2) and a thin wire crosses with a short burst of energy (3) and is snared (4). The crossing level is planned on CT away from calcium (5). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2df526b0-e6b6-4ae4-8b9d-01aa5002697f/transcaval-tavi-access-route-front-sheath-right-femoral.jpg Guides - Transcaval TAVI (caval-aortic access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Route, front view: (1) sheath in the right femoral vein; (2) inferior vena cava; (3) crossing from the IVC into the aorta, below the renal arteries; (4) abdominal aorta. The aorta then continues up to the valve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c0822662-e65a-475c-917c-9199282c70c9/transcaval-tavi-steps-stiff-wire-looped-pigtail-sits.jpg Guides - Transcaval TAVI (caval-aortic access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: a stiff wire is looped in the LV and a pigtail sits in a cusp. B: the crimped valve is positioned across the annulus at the planned depth. C: the frame opens and the old leaflets are pushed aside, with pacing. D: the valve is seated, the coronaries are open and there is no leak back. The deployment steps are the same for every access route. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/798cbca1-406c-482f-8ad4-9d18a6170c84/transcaval-tavi-access-closure-occluder-plug-disc-ivc.jpg Guides - Transcaval TAVI (caval-aortic access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Closure: an occluder plug with one disc in the IVC (1), its waist in the passage (2) and one disc in the aorta (3). Leaks are checked by angiogram, then CT if needed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2e3ade95-ba63-4eda-b6ad-68ae37466d34/transcaval-tavi-recovery-monitoring-blood-counts-echo-sometimes.jpg Guides - Transcaval TAVI (caval-aortic access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After transcaval TAVI: (1) monitoring and blood counts; (2) echo, sometimes CT; (3) home after a few nights; (4) follow-up at 6 to 10 weeks. https://rodnieoro.com/home/transcarotid-access-tavi-procedure monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cc43c681-471c-4f28-9b9a-43a1fb5df2a4/transcarotid-tavi-anatomy-normal-valve-severe-aortic-stenosis.jpg Guides - Transcarotid TAVI (carotid artery access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Normal valve vs severe aortic stenosis (AS), cut-open aortic root drawn in systole. Normal: the leaflets open fully against the wall. Severe AS: calcified, stiff leaflets, a narrow fast jet and a thick LV wall. The coronary arteries start from the sinuses just above the valve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b6e3bc3a-b2ba-4e35-93ce-5d403bd6eeea/transcarotid-tavi-access-route-front-left-common-carotid.jpg Guides - Transcarotid TAVI (carotid artery access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Route, front view: (1) left common carotid artery (access); (2) aortic arch; (3) aortic valve; (4) pacing wire from the groin. The shortest, straightest route to the valve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/37dd365e-9777-4b5a-b514-a2600a27b29d/transcarotid-tavi-access-close-left-neck-small-incision.jpg Guides - Transcarotid TAVI (carotid artery access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Close-up of the left neck: after a small incision the common carotid artery is exposed, with the internal jugular vein and vagus nerve beside it and the sternocleidomastoid muscle retracted. The sheath enters the front wall of the artery and points towards the heart. Forehead sensors monitor brain oxygen during the test clamp. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2d35e41c-2985-4c84-afc1-11963982445c/transcarotid-tavi-steps-stiff-wire-looped-pigtail-sits.jpg Guides - Transcarotid TAVI (carotid artery access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: a stiff wire is looped in the LV and a pigtail sits in a cusp. B: the crimped valve is positioned across the annulus at the planned depth. C: the frame opens and the old leaflets are pushed aside, with pacing. D: the valve is seated, the coronaries are open and there is no leak back. The deployment steps are the same for every access route. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/44507674-e15f-42f4-96f3-5f467cc41551/transcarotid-tavi-access-closure-clamps-above-below-control.jpg Guides - Transcarotid TAVI (carotid artery access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Closure: clamps above and below control the artery while the surgeon stitches the puncture closed; the clamps are then released and flow is restored. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/773ba5a0-5fcf-4efe-b5bb-ec730a4d882b/transcarotid-tavi-recovery-hdu-itu-monitoring-echo-neck.jpg Guides - Transcarotid TAVI (carotid artery access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After transcarotid TAVI: (1) HDU/ITU monitoring; (2) echo, neck and brain checks; (3) home after a few nights; (4) follow-up at 6 to 10 weeks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bf0f43a4-69ca-4d14-a719-37eb9d4cff72/transcarotid-tavi-kit-diagnostic-catheters-left-coronary-right.jpg Guides - Transcarotid TAVI (carotid artery access): a Cath Lab 101 guide Diagnostic catheters (left coronary, right coronary and multipurpose shapes; pigtail) (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/transaxillary-approach-tavi monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3145e2e1-4fdb-486f-a684-3eb820553c6c/transaxillary-tavi-anatomy-normal-valve-severe-aortic-stenosis.jpg Guides - Transaxillary TAVI (subclavian access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Normal valve vs severe aortic stenosis (AS), cut-open aortic root drawn in systole. Normal: the leaflets open fully against the wall. Severe AS: calcified, stiff leaflets, a narrow fast jet and a thick LV wall. The coronary arteries start from the sinuses just above the valve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3dac12c6-07ce-45fb-b332-21a86e334284/transaxillary-tavi-access-route-front-left-axillary-artery.jpg Guides - Transaxillary TAVI (subclavian access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Route, front view: (1) left axillary artery (access); (2) subclavian artery; (3) aortic arch; (4) aortic valve; (5) pacing wire from the groin. A short, fairly straight path from the shoulder to the valve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ee36cdd8-3b12-4bbf-b698-4e19fd8fd8f9/transaxillary-tavi-access-close-left-infraclavicular-region-axillary.jpg Guides - Transaxillary TAVI (subclavian access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Close-up of the left infraclavicular region: the axillary artery lies below the clavicle and above the first rib, with the vein and brachial plexus nearby. The needle enters the front wall of the artery in line with the marker wire, under ultrasound and X-ray guidance. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6a1d39c7-458c-4517-8564-3a4f5905b203/transaxillary-tavi-access-closure-balloon-inflated-upstream-gives.jpg Guides - Transaxillary TAVI (subclavian access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Closure: (1) a balloon inflated upstream gives a dry, still field; (2) pre-placed sutures are tied as the sheath comes out; (3) the sheath is withdrawn; an angiogram then checks the artery and the arm flow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7c2d718f-5f9f-4731-b2f2-81edf49750ec/transaxillary-tavi-deployment-steps-cross-position-deploy-check.jpg Guides - Transaxillary TAVI (subclavian access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: a stiff wire is looped in the LV and a pigtail sits in a cusp. B: the crimped valve is positioned across the annulus at the planned depth. C: the frame opens and the old leaflets are pushed aside, with pacing. D: the valve is seated, the coronaries are open and there is no leak back. The deployment steps are the same for every access route. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/51bfaf9b-0429-40ab-bca6-0c62a6a12611/transaxillary-tavi-recovery-monitoring-arm-checks-echo-bloods.jpg Guides - Transaxillary TAVI (subclavian access): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After transaxillary TAVI: (1) monitoring and arm checks; (2) echo and bloods; (3) home after a few nights; (4) follow-up at 6 to 10 weeks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a62eb4d7-6043-46c8-9029-d0f8611fcf76/transaxillary-tavi-kit-diagnostic-catheters-pigtail-right-coronary.jpg Guides - Transaxillary TAVI (subclavian access): a Cath Lab 101 guide Diagnostic catheters (pigtail, right coronary and left coronary shapes) (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/paravalvular-leak-closure-pvlo monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/eb468b1b-3c02-4dcc-9185-2e0620615b21/paravalvular-leak-closure-anatomy-shown-mitral-valve-cross-section.jpg Guides - Paravalvular leak (PVL) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A paravalvular leak, shown on a mitral valve in cross-section: (1) the gap between the valve ring and the heart tissue; (2) the valve ring; (3) blood leaks backwards around the outside of the valve, not through it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a539d2be-0fd8-43e7-b29d-d8d18c8f3632/paravalvular-leak-closure-access-routes-mitral-femoral-vein-across.jpg Guides - Paravalvular leak (PVL) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Routes: (1) mitral leak, from the femoral vein across the septum; (2) septal puncture then the left atrium; (3) aortic leak, from the femoral artery up the aorta; (4) aorta. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/fb532b5c-64ce-49dd-9f90-e3ea5396de29/paravalvular-leak-closure-mitral-transseptal-approach-route.jpg Guides - Paravalvular leak (PVL) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Mitral approach: (1) sheath in the right femoral vein; (2) inferior vena cava; (3) right atrium; (4) puncture across the septum; (5) catheter reaches the gap beside the valve ring. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e758ff8f-39d5-4289-963e-2b41f3ac9d29/paravalvular-leak-closure-steps-wire-through-gap-catheter-support.jpg Guides - Paravalvular leak (PVL) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire through the gap. B: catheter support as a rail. C: the plug is opened in the gap. D: check the result with echo, then release. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/4ddb9188-cbf0-4289-ad4d-8c73876fda78/paravalvular-leak-closure-preparation-gap-beside-valve-ring-lets.jpg Guides - Paravalvular leak (PVL) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before: a gap beside the valve ring lets blood leak back. After: a plug fills the gap and the valve keeps working. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/047ca50d-e0f2-4076-bcb7-f66c553d3b0d/paravalvular-leak-closure-recovery-pvl-checks-echo-home-nights.jpg Guides - Paravalvular leak (PVL) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After PVL closure: (1) checks; (2) echo; (3) home after 1 to 3 nights; (4) blood tests and echo follow-up. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1c278ad2-8f03-499b-869e-c006e2cc43b9/paravalvular-leak-closure-kit-multipurpose-diagnostic-catheter-guide-list.jpg Guides - Paravalvular leak (PVL) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide Multipurpose diagnostic catheter (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/transcatheter-tricuspid-valve-implantation-ttvi monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/11f274af-43f9-487b-823d-e6cdfdef0a03/ttvi-tricuspid-valve-anatomy-normal-seals-regurgitation-right-ventricle.jpg Guides - Transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation (TTVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (A) Normal: the tricuspid valve seals. (B) Tricuspid regurgitation: the right ventricle and valve ring are stretched and blood leaks back into the right atrium. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/28885538-3c01-455b-ba09-4c5c19a73da5/ttvi-tricuspid-valve-technique-inside-failed-surgical-native-replacement.jpg Guides - Transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation (TTVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (A) Valve-in-valve inside a failed surgical valve. (B) Native valve replacement with a dedicated device that anchors itself. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ac4dcc57-2432-4e8d-b419-ed5569bc30db/ttvi-tricuspid-valve-access-right-internal-jugular-vein-often.jpg Guides - Transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation (TTVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) right internal jugular vein (often for valve-in-valve); (2) right atrium; (3) right femoral vein (native replacement and pacing). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/baaa7b34-a491-4099-a7e9-ceefbda31329/ttvi-tricuspid-valve-steps-cross-position-deploy-check-echo.jpg Guides - Transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation (TTVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: cross the valve. B: position. C: deploy. D: check with echo for position, leak and rhythm. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/06c10986-5465-418e-9608-ba1987e64796/ttvi-tricuspid-valve-technique-heart-wiring-yellow-runs-close.jpg Guides - Transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation (TTVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The heart’s wiring (yellow) runs close to the tricuspid valve: (1) AV node; (2) His bundle and branches; (3) the valve ring. A new valve can cause heart block needing a pacemaker. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2342c977-9f62-451e-a96d-4323c6238a22/ttvi-tricuspid-valve-recovery-rhythm-monitoring-echo-home-few.jpg Guides - Transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation (TTVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After TTVI: (1) rhythm monitoring; (2) echo; (3) home after a few nights for many; (4) clinic and echo follow-up. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c0773f52-978b-4534-ba45-a2d6109a2bef/ttvi-tricuspid-valve-kit-femoral-venous-sheath-pacing-diagnostic.jpg Guides - Transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation (TTVI): a Cath Lab 101 guide Femoral venous sheath for pacing; diagnostic catheters (right coronary shape and pigtail) (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/transcatheter-mitral-valve-implantation-tmvi monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/288d5853-2518-487c-b505-5472a7b83e1f/tmvi-valve-orientation-transfemoral-tavi-vs-transseptal-mitral.jpg Guides - Transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI, valve-in-valve): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Orientation: the valve is mounted the opposite way round for transseptal mitral valve-in-valve compared with transfemoral TAVI, because blood flows the opposite way. Check against the device's instructions for use. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c06e9528-c6ff-48cd-be6d-3c3309953914/tmvi-mitral-valve-in-valve-technique-failed-surgical-new-teal-frame.jpg Guides - Transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI, valve-in-valve): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Valve-in-valve: (A) the failed surgical valve; (B) the new valve (teal frame, gold leaflets) is expanded inside the old surgical frame (grey), which anchors it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/df82d84c-d0ca-4082-8c06-a7125e2ebb16/tmvi-mitral-valve-in-valve-access-large-sheath-right-femoral-vein.jpg Guides - Transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI, valve-in-valve): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) large sheath in the right femoral vein; (2) inferior vena cava; (3) right atrium; (4) high, posterior puncture across the septum; (5) delivery system crossing into the left atrium. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7e9cee9e-8762-4c05-8172-65d38ff51e7a/tmvi-mitral-valve-in-valve-steps-wire-placed-apex-balloon-stretches.jpg Guides - Transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI, valve-in-valve): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: a wire is placed in the LV apex. B: a balloon stretches the septal puncture. C: the valve is positioned inside the old frame. D: the valve is expanded under rapid pacing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f19cecfc-a0a6-427f-bbc7-be168df1a393/tmvi-mitral-valve-in-valve-anatomy-failed-surgical-tissue-position-fail.jpg Guides - Transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI, valve-in-valve): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A failed surgical tissue valve in the mitral position can fail by (A) narrowing (stenosis) or (B) leaking (regurgitation). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6426e08f-0b2d-4470-bb90-ca25bbc341d6/tmvi-mitral-valve-in-valve-recovery-monitoring-echo-home-few-nights.jpg Guides - Transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI, valve-in-valve): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After TMVI: (1) monitoring; (2) echo; (3) home after a few nights for many; (4) follow-up and echo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f1ae36b0-20a0-4be9-93c0-74ab62b56113/tmvi-mitral-valve-in-valve-kit-diagnostic-catheters-multipurpose-right-coronary.jpg Guides - Transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI, valve-in-valve): a Cath Lab 101 guide Diagnostic catheters (multipurpose and right coronary shapes), per operator (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/renal-denervation monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/40b09ba1-2629-4973-92a4-453accab6ca7/renal-denervation-anatomy-arteries-carry-blood-kidneys-nerves.jpg Guides - Renal denervation for high blood pressure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The renal arteries carry blood to the kidneys; nerves (yellow) run in their outer wall. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e9d44304-9ec3-4706-92d8-e31218120ac9/renal-denervation-technique-nerve-signals-between-brain-kidneys.jpg Guides - Renal denervation for high blood pressure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Nerve signals between the brain and kidneys help set blood pressure. Renal denervation aims to quieten them. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0c6786fb-a492-403d-a8ee-da7af228e35a/renal-denervation-access-catheter-artery-aorta-sheath-right.jpg Guides - Renal denervation for high blood pressure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter in a renal artery; (2) aorta; (3) sheath in the right femoral artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1ca33f73-7870-4c4f-becd-20a5731e5ce0/renal-denervation-steps-engage-artery-catheter-position-energy.jpg Guides - Renal denervation for high blood pressure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: engage the artery. B: catheter in position. C: energy to the wall. D: repeat on the other side. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/49d03845-7f27-4913-b257-b4ac8132e4dc/renal-denervation-imaging-final-angiogram-checks-arteries-smooth.jpg Guides - Renal denervation for high blood pressure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustration, not a real scan: a final angiogram checks the renal arteries are smooth, with no spasm or damage. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9ba6bea1-0417-481a-9698-88852cdd63b3/renal-denervation-recovery-groin-blood-pressure-checks-home.jpg Guides - Renal denervation for high blood pressure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After renal denervation: (1) groin and blood pressure checks; (2) home for most; (3) no heavy lifting for a few days; (4) blood pressure monitoring. https://rodnieoro.com/home/balloon-mitral-valvuloplasty monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e36af81d-6d93-475a-8c92-9ae9981542df/balloon-mitral-valvuloplasty-anatomy-normal-valve-wide-open-stenosis.jpg Guides - Balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) for mitral stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (A) Normal mitral valve, wide open. (B) Mitral stenosis: the leaflets are fused at the edges, leaving a narrow opening. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b50666d4-271f-434c-9daa-bcf1c7f0db9d/balloon-mitral-valvuloplasty-technique-effects-stenosis-narrowed-valve-enlarged.jpg Guides - Balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) for mitral stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Effects of mitral stenosis: (1) narrowed valve; (2) enlarged left atrium; (3) pressure backs up into the lungs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0bcd66f1-de1f-4056-9bd3-5bd98203abc2/balloon-mitral-valvuloplasty-access-sheath-right-femoral-vein-inferior.jpg Guides - Balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) for mitral stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) across the septum into the left atrium; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheath in the right femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8beca438-3a03-4527-b9a7-a69e4c0c988c/balloon-mitral-valvuloplasty-steps-wire-left-atrium-across-valve.jpg Guides - Balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) for mitral stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: a wire in the left atrium. B: the balloon across the valve. C: the waisted balloon is inflated. D: the valve is opened and checked. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cbba934a-82bf-4038-9dd0-797d1b66458d/balloon-mitral-valvuloplasty-imaging-recording-large-pressure-gap-across.jpg Guides - Balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) for mitral stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated, not a real recording. Before: a large pressure gap across the valve (LA, blue; LV, red). After: a much smaller gap. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/59de5fab-ea7f-47bb-91f6-d21265922eca/balloon-mitral-valvuloplasty-recovery-bmv-checks-echo-home-most.jpg Guides - Balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) for mitral stenosis: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After BMV: (1) checks; (2) echo, home; (3) most activities after about a week; (4) regular echo follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/af-atrial-fibrillation-cryoablation monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5cdb94f6-79ac-46a1-9410-e5997ab9e61b/af-cryoablation-pulmonary-vein-isolation-anatomy-normal-rhythm-signals-spread-order.jpg Guides - AF ablation (cryoablation and pulmonary vein isolation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) Normal rhythm: signals spread in order from the sinus node. (2) AF: chaotic signals, often triggered from the pulmonary veins. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5e3d0e1c-744b-4dc4-9753-9a25c5789a57/af-cryoablation-pulmonary-vein-isolation-technique-ring-scar-yellow-around-four.jpg Guides - AF ablation (cryoablation and pulmonary vein isolation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Pulmonary vein isolation: a ring of scar (yellow) around each of the four pulmonary veins blocks the triggers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/06f2ec62-c1c5-47ac-a7a5-03a44d04e9ca/af-cryoablation-pulmonary-vein-isolation-access-across-septum-left-atrium-right.jpg Guides - AF ablation (cryoablation and pulmonary vein isolation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) across the septum into the left atrium; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheaths in the femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6017ce4a-d447-496d-adeb-79416a1fac99/af-cryoablation-pulmonary-vein-isolation-steps-map-position-balloon-check-seal.jpg Guides - AF ablation (cryoablation and pulmonary vein isolation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: map the vein. B: position the balloon. C: check the seal and freeze. D: vein isolated. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ab0405df-5d16-458f-8e37-e6ac4b677e10/af-cryoablation-pulmonary-vein-isolation-technique-recordings-signals-present-gone-isolate.jpg Guides - AF ablation (cryoablation and pulmonary vein isolation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated recordings, not real. Before: vein signals present. After: signals gone; the vein is isolated. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b19ebdbb-3ac5-4f55-b179-f323b8cc00fd/af-cryoablation-pulmonary-vein-isolation-recovery-ablation-checks-home-most-activities.jpg Guides - AF ablation (cryoablation and pulmonary vein isolation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After AF ablation: (1) checks; (2) home for most; (3) most activities after about a week; (4) healing period and follow-up. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7141059f-3722-445a-9dcb-4a5933e61a04/af-cryoablation-pulmonary-vein-isolation-kit-cryoballoon-circular-mapping-catheter-guide.jpg Guides - AF ablation (cryoablation and pulmonary vein isolation): a Cath Lab 101 guide Cryoballoon and circular mapping catheter (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7ac8a2cd-de88-49ff-a800-eb5f5dfc6f45/af-cryoablation-pulmonary-vein-isolation-kit-diagnostic-catheter-pacing-recording-phrenic.jpg Guides - AF ablation (cryoablation and pulmonary vein isolation): a Cath Lab 101 guide Diagnostic catheter for pacing/recording (phrenic pacing), per operator (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/subcutaneous-implantable-cardiac-defibrillator-s-icd monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/eb17abed-6f94-4ca6-8828-0239ccc1bc28/subcutaneous-icd-anatomy-standard-lead-inside-heart-generator.jpg Guides - Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) Standard ICD: lead inside the heart. (2) S-ICD: generator under the skin on the left side and a lead beside the breastbone; nothing inside the heart. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/dca311c2-fc58-46e8-a5d2-7b8e9e8ce816/subcutaneous-icd-imaging-recording-detects-dangerous-rhythm-delivers.jpg Guides - Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated, not a real recording. The S-ICD detects a dangerous rhythm (VF), delivers a shock, and a normal rhythm returns. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/378e51c0-3ca7-4e38-a8df-b9bb2ea5a813/subcutaneous-icd-technique-incisions-positions-generator-pocket-left.jpg Guides - Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Incisions and positions: (1) generator pocket on the left side; (2) incision near the lower breastbone; (3) lead beside the breastbone. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0d437077-0f36-4d40-918b-180a6e1e95f4/subcutaneous-icd-steps-make-pocket-tunnel-across-beside.jpg Guides - Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: make the pocket. B: tunnel across. C: tunnel up beside the breastbone. D: connect and close. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e1ef8e63-3d11-466a-8eee-ee761668d43a/subcutaneous-icd-technique-ecg-screening-recordings-clear-signals.jpg Guides - Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated ECG screening, not real recordings. (1) Clear signals: suitable. (2) Small signals or large T waves: may not be suitable. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6a666a02-2c3b-46a8-8b7f-3bd2d4c21d8b/subcutaneous-icd-recovery-checks-device-check-home-limited.jpg Guides - Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After an S-ICD: (1) checks; (2) device check, home; (3) limited arm movement for a few weeks; (4) device clinic and remote monitoring. https://rodnieoro.com/home/stenting-of-the-coarctation-of-the-aorta monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d79c0a0d-3f09-4684-a45b-32ba220e9321/coarctation-stenting-anatomy-normal-aorta-narrowing-just-beyond.jpg Guides - Coarctation of the aorta stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) Normal aorta. (2) Coarctation: a narrowing just beyond the artery to the left arm. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ac43df56-5b6a-4054-8fca-72efc74ca972/coarctation-stenting-technique-effects-high-blood-pressure-arms.jpg Guides - Coarctation of the aorta stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Effects of coarctation: (1) high blood pressure in the arms; (2) narrowing; (3) collateral vessels; (4) weaker leg pulses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0d7dd1e1-ed43-4823-9acd-826a0597553f/coarctation-stenting-access-narrowing-catheter-aorta-sheath-right.jpg Guides - Coarctation of the aorta stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) narrowing; (2) catheter up the aorta; (3) sheath in the right femoral artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d4630c26-f0c3-4040-84eb-d85190db899c/coarctation-stenting-steps-wire-across-long-sheath-stent.jpg Guides - Coarctation of the aorta stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire across. B: long sheath across. C: stent expanded. D: check: narrowing opened. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7bf197f7-e7db-4656-bda6-6888e6b494f5/coarctation-stenting-imaging-tight-narrowing-stent-holds-aorta.jpg Guides - Coarctation of the aorta stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustration, not a real scan. Before: a tight narrowing. After: the stent holds the aorta open. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/867ff790-35d4-4c8a-98d4-b3d0c353289a/coarctation-stenting-recovery-bed-rest-checks-home-nights.jpg Guides - Coarctation of the aorta stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After coarctation stenting: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) home after 1 to 2 nights; (3) normal activity after a few weeks; (4) lifelong follow-up. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c4552e4e-1dd4-453e-ad9b-49cbc21f0eff/coarctation-stenting-kit-pigtail-diagnostic-catheter-power-injector.jpg Guides - Coarctation of the aorta stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide Pigtail diagnostic catheter and power injector (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/intravascular-lithotripsy-ivl monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/35a0ba37-ad55-4e52-9c3b-e115bb57ee3f/intravascular-lithotripsy-anatomy-normal-artery-calcified-ring-calcium.jpg Guides - Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) for calcified arteries: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) Normal artery. (2) Calcified artery: a ring of calcium narrows and stiffens the artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/247a9e55-1eee-460d-8de2-3dcb56180b12/intravascular-lithotripsy-technique-how-ivl-works-balloon-touches.jpg Guides - Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) for calcified arteries: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out How IVL works: (1) balloon touches the wall at low pressure; (2) emitters send sound pressure waves; (3) calcium cracks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7ab375d0-f45b-43fa-b1cb-8b77d3a34716/intravascular-lithotripsy-access-pci-radial-sheath-wrist-guide.jpg Guides - Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) for calcified arteries: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access for PCI: (1) radial sheath at the wrist; (2) guide catheter at the coronary artery; (3) catheter in the aorta. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1f0639c8-15a3-463b-90ee-6a197be9fe0a/intravascular-lithotripsy-steps-wire-across-ivl-pulses-calcium.jpg Guides - Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) for calcified arteries: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire across. B: IVL pulses. C: calcium cracked; artery opens. D: stent fully expanded. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/79144ea2-10fe-42e5-a871-067106c92e44/intravascular-lithotripsy-imaging-intact-calcium-ring-cracked-fully.jpg Guides - Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) for calcified arteries: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated imaging, not a real scan. (1) Before: intact calcium ring. (2) After: cracked calcium and a fully expanded stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/14a4e9c8-561b-4ced-ab42-1b1d6f408cb8/intravascular-lithotripsy-recovery-pci-ivl-site-checks-home.jpg Guides - Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) for calcified arteries: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After PCI with IVL: (1) site checks; (2) home the same or next day for many; (3) no heavy lifting for a few days; (4) antiplatelets and follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/acute-myocardial-infarction-ami monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5617f265-8b9c-4eb5-a201-70ea8565df44/heart-attack-primary-pci-anatomy-normal-artery-plaque-narrows-bursts.jpg Guides - Heart attack (acute MI) and primary PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) Normal artery. (2) Plaque narrows the artery. (3) A plaque bursts and a clot blocks the artery: a heart attack. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/11f829b6-0ed7-4f53-b33a-9d8c491cf3b4/heart-attack-primary-pci-technique-ecg-pattern-suggests-blocked-artery.jpg Guides - Heart attack (acute MI) and primary PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The ECG pattern suggests the blocked artery: (1) inferior leads, often the right coronary; (2) anterior leads, the LAD; (3) lateral leads, often the circumflex. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7928f9c9-f540-4f33-9806-93bba0f0353a/heart-attack-primary-pci-access-sheath-radial-artery-wrist-catheter.jpg Guides - Heart attack (acute MI) and primary PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist; (2) catheter tip at the opening of the blocked artery; (3) catheter passing through the aorta. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/462fa904-4e99-4023-98d8-d605793527c0/heart-attack-primary-pci-steps-wire-through-clot-balloon-opens.jpg Guides - Heart attack (acute MI) and primary PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire through the clot. B: balloon opens the blockage. C: stent placed. D: stent fully expanded; flow restored. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/41790cb6-f2cf-4fed-b8c5-8fd4c2f6d76e/heart-attack-primary-pci-imaging-artery-stops-abruptly-flow-restored.jpg Guides - Heart attack (acute MI) and primary PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustration, not a real scan. (1) Before: the artery stops abruptly. (2) After: flow restored beyond the stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cdbd848b-c804-46a2-8a7c-60fd62611092/heart-attack-primary-pci-recovery-ccu-monitoring-echo-home-days.jpg Guides - Heart attack (acute MI) and primary PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After primary PCI: (1) CCU monitoring; (2) echo, home after 2 to 3 days for many; (3) cardiac rehabilitation; (4) medicines and follow-up. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/59fe73be-6657-49cc-94d4-515a2a9b449f/heart-attack-primary-pci-kit-anterior-lateral-elevation-often-left.jpg Guides - Heart attack (acute MI) and primary PCI: a Cath Lab 101 guide Anterior or lateral ST elevation (often the left coronary): extra-backup left guide catheter, plus a right coronary-shaped diagnostic catheter, sizes per operator (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/asd-closure-atrial-septal-defect monthly 0.5 2026-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b19abdca-728c-4678-afb8-eec06ab6f17e/asd-closure-anatomy-atrial-septal-defect-ringed-hole.jpg Guides - ASD closure (atrial septal defect): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out An atrial septal defect (ASD, ringed): a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers. Blood flows from the left atrium to the right. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f87d4191-b2b4-460f-b80d-9893fd7f5d1c/asd-closure-technique-types-secundum-middle-primum-low.jpg Guides - ASD closure (atrial septal defect): a Cath Lab 101 guide ASD types: (1) secundum, in the middle; (2) primum, low near the valves; (3) sinus venosus, near the superior vena cava; (4) coronary sinus. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7d66ad79-566c-40b2-90f6-1582627131a9/asd-closure-access-across-left-atrium-right-inferior.jpg Guides - ASD closure (atrial septal defect): a Cath Lab 101 guide Access: (1) across the ASD into the left atrium; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) sheath in the right femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9377291b-a5f5-4e2e-b2dd-b125cabdd34e/asd-closure-steps-cross-open-left-disc-right.jpg Guides - ASD closure (atrial septal defect): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: cross the ASD. B: open the left disc. C: open the right disc; checks. D: release. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8811152c-ab0f-4bc0-9d27-ad197c65ab10/asd-closure-technique-device-place-left-disc-atrium.jpg Guides - ASD closure (atrial septal defect): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The device in place: (1) left disc in the left atrium; (2) right disc in the right atrium; (3) the waist fills the hole. Tissue grows over it in the following months. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/63e86c5a-c90b-4fa3-a372-1fa74a41282d/asd-closure-recovery-bed-rest-checks-ecg-echo.jpg Guides - ASD closure (atrial septal defect): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After ASD closure: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) ECG and echo, home the next day for most; (3) antiplatelet medicine for several months; (4) echo follow-up. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3e816ac0-dd72-4c1a-914d-c8ea44045c1d/asd-closure-kit-multipurpose-shaped-diagnostic-catheter-right.jpg Guides - ASD closure (atrial septal defect): a Cath Lab 101 guide Multipurpose-shaped diagnostic catheter; right coronary-shaped catheter optional (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/mitral-teer monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3507191e-17af-440f-85df-a8b440c31080/mitral-teer-anatomy-regurgitation-cross-section-normal-leaflets.jpg Guides - Mitral TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Mitral regurgitation, cross-section: (A) normal, the two leaflets meet and seal; (B) a gap lets blood leak back into the left atrium with each beat. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b385a928-0a70-454d-86a2-f43c3350ba29/mitral-teer-technique-primary-valve-itself-faulty-flail.jpg Guides - Mitral TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (A) Primary MR: the valve itself is faulty, here a flail leaflet with a torn cord. (B) Secondary MR: an enlarged ventricle pulls normal leaflets apart. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a75a9d0c-8e97-4872-abab-866744fe5ba7/mitral-teer-access-sheath-right-femoral-vein-inferior.jpg Guides - Mitral TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the right femoral vein; (2) inferior vena cava; (3) right atrium; (4) puncture across the septum; (5) clip delivery catheter above the mitral valve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/fbf5fab2-7afe-4c8c-b873-639d40913138/mitral-teer-steps-clip-arms-closed-steered-above.jpg Guides - Mitral TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: the clip, arms closed, is steered above the leak. B: the arms open at right angles to the gap. C: the clip goes into the ventricle and the leaflet edges are grasped. D: the clip is closed and released, leaving two openings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b6304bb2-a49d-46db-9860-44f9ec4e9cdf/mitral-teer-technique-valve-seen-left-atrium-gap.jpg Guides - Mitral TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The valve seen from the left atrium. (A) Before: a gap at the leak (1). (B) After: the clip (2) joins the leaflets, leaving two openings (3), a double orifice. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/87cde51b-a096-41dd-a284-55cd60ad4eed/mitral-teer-recovery-checks-echo-home-nights-many.jpg Guides - Mitral TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After mitral TEER: (1) recovery and checks; (2) echo, home after 1 to 2 nights for many; (3) most activities after about a week; (4) follow-up echo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/130baea1-d8f8-41a3-b965-3845504ddace/mitral-teer-kit-diagnostic-catheter-pressures-operator-guide.jpg Guides - Mitral TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide Diagnostic catheter for pressures, per operator (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/patent-ductus-arteriosus monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2bb95857-5642-4165-9c7f-51e102dbb540/pda-closure-anatomy-birth-duct-normally-closes-blood.jpg Guides - PDA closure (patent ductus arteriosus): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) After birth the duct normally closes. (2) PDA: blood flows from the aorta into the pulmonary artery, overloading the lungs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0dd4ed77-9970-4377-a0d4-6c5a80317379/pda-closure-preparation-birth-duct-lets-blood-bypass.jpg Guides - PDA closure (patent ductus arteriosus): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Before birth the duct lets blood bypass the lungs (pulmonary artery to aorta). After birth it normally closes within days. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/56aed6d5-b978-466b-b915-32c10d5edc7f/pda-closure-access-femoral-vein-catheter-pulmonary-artery.jpg Guides - PDA closure (patent ductus arteriosus): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) femoral vein, catheter up to the pulmonary artery and across the duct; (2) femoral artery for a pigtail catheter in the aorta. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f1a91407-43c7-4e7a-b47d-9737d032d3cb/pda-closure-steps-measure-aortogram-cross-duct-deploy.jpg Guides - PDA closure (patent ductus arteriosus): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: measure with an aortogram. B: cross the duct. C: deploy the plug. D: check and release. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c15aa621-7407-4404-9b2d-5ebe87011493/pda-closure-imaging-contrast-crosses-duct-device-blocks.jpg Guides - PDA closure (patent ductus arteriosus): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustration, not a real scan. Before: contrast crosses the duct. After: the device blocks it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/ff54006e-fe55-4bc2-8f68-68f49582c74a/pda-closure-recovery-bed-rest-checks-echo-home.jpg Guides - PDA closure (patent ductus arteriosus): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After PDA closure: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) echo, home; (3) normal activity after about a week; (4) echo follow-up. https://rodnieoro.com/home/coronary-angiogram monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/59ff495f-485a-4a00-8824-a7ee86209bd8/coronary-angiogram-anatomy-arteries-right-left-main-stem.jpg Guides - Coronary angiogram: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The coronary arteries: (1) right coronary; (2) left main stem; (3) left anterior descending; (4) circumflex, running behind the heart. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/05b0b87e-223b-44b8-b022-e41ed12ed783/coronary-angiogram-access-sheath-radial-artery-wrist-route.jpg Guides - Coronary angiogram: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) sheath in the radial artery at the wrist, the usual route; (2) catheter tip at the coronary artery opening; (3) catheter passing through the aorta. The femoral artery at the groin is the alternative. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/38d18744-13e4-43a1-b355-c66ba798f6c2/coronary-angiogram-technique-pre-shaped-catheters-engage-opening.jpg Guides - Coronary angiogram: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Pre-shaped catheters “engage” the opening of each coronary artery so contrast can be injected: (1) left coronary; (2) right coronary. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b53c0845-4e3e-4a18-8f70-88f8d857e0b5/coronary-angiogram-technique-arm-moves-around-patient-rao.jpg Guides - Coronary angiogram: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The C-arm moves around the patient: (1) RAO; (2) AP; (3) LAO, with cranial or caudal tilt, so each artery is seen without overlap. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/794b5a0e-0bf3-4f21-9cff-e966227aee49/coronary-angiogram-imaging-contrast-artery-dark-line-narrowing.jpg Guides - Coronary angiogram: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustration, not a real scan: contrast shows the artery as a dark line; (1) a narrowing appears as a thinner segment; (2) the right coronary artery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f9d0013f-9e8b-40e8-9a01-ae36ba515f7c/coronary-angiogram-recovery-site-checks-results-home-most.jpg Guides - Coronary angiogram: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After an angiogram: (1) site checks; (2) results, home for most; (3) no heavy lifting for a few days; (4) next steps. https://rodnieoro.com/home/total-cavopulmonary-connection-ballooning-and-stenting-tcpc monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/39c63597-47dd-4205-860c-05459cb67a58/tcpc-fontan-anatomy-normal-pumps-series-blood-body.jpg Guides - TCPC (Fontan) ballooning and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out (1) Normal: two pumps in series. (2) Fontan: blood from the body flows passively to the lungs; one ventricle pumps to the body. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/fa50257f-9fc7-44c5-9e2b-4befd1b1f5a9/tcpc-fontan-technique-anatomy-svc-right-glenn-left.jpg Guides - TCPC (Fontan) ballooning and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Fontan (TCPC) anatomy: (1) SVC to right PA (Glenn); (2) right and (3) left pulmonary arteries; (4) IVC conduit; (5) fenestration; (6) aorta. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8703485a-d5e8-47ce-a2c0-c34511ac249e/tcpc-fontan-access-wire-pulmonary-artery-narrowing-ivc.jpg Guides - TCPC (Fontan) ballooning and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) wire into a pulmonary artery; (2) narrowing; (3) IVC and conduit; (4) sheath in the right femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/05fe4bbb-1123-419a-8fed-42cafb83ca3d/tcpc-fontan-steps-cross-narrowing-size-balloon-open.jpg Guides - TCPC (Fontan) ballooning and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: cross the narrowing. B: size it with a balloon. C: open the stent on its balloon. D: stent fully expanded. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e0b81742-88fb-4ebf-a54a-3313fc19e4bf/tcpc-fontan-imaging-pressure-pullback-recording-drops-across.jpg Guides - TCPC (Fontan) ballooning and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated pressure pullback, not a real recording. Before: pressure drops across the narrowing. After: the gradient has gone. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0bc6dcea-b917-4e27-9e49-93344c058b31/tcpc-fontan-recovery-ballooning-stenting-bed-rest-checks.jpg Guides - TCPC (Fontan) ballooning and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After TCPC ballooning or stenting: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) home for most; (3) most activities after about a week; (4) blood thinners and follow-up imaging. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0014401e-99c8-4bae-ac7d-46375cdbf2dd/tcpc-fontan-kit-diagnostic-catheters-right-coronary-shaped.jpg Guides - TCPC (Fontan) ballooning and stenting: a Cath Lab 101 guide Diagnostic catheters: right coronary-shaped, multipurpose-shaped and pigtail catheters, per operator (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/pfo-closure monthly 0.5 2026-10-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/57dc5518-8db7-4079-81d7-e41840d5b72e/pfo-normal-septum-vs-pfo-right-to-left-shunt.jpg Guides - PFO closure (patent foramen ovale): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Normal septum vs PFO. (1) Normal: the septum is sealed. (2) PFO: the thin flap and thick rim overlap but do not seal, so blood can pass right to left through the tunnel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5d2a6ad4-9704-4a5a-9de2-812a094f4109/pfo-bubble-study-echo-illustration.jpg Guides - PFO closure (patent foramen ovale): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated bubble study, not a real scan. (1) No shunt: bubbles stay in the right heart. (2) Shunt: bubbles appear in the left heart within a few beats. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/250de16d-e7ce-48c6-9446-ca0f320d9967/pfo-femoral-vein-ivc-ra-access.jpg Guides - PFO closure (patent foramen ovale): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) catheter across the PFO into the LA; (2) right atrium; (3) inferior vena cava; (4) iliac vein; (5) sheath in the right femoral vein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/cd792aba-7b54-4680-849b-250d5b2620ae/pfo-steps-cross-left-disc-right-disc-release.jpg Guides - PFO closure (patent foramen ovale): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: cross the PFO. B: open the left disc and pull it back onto the septum. C: open the right disc; push-pull and echo check. D: release the device. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/635a8ab0-763d-498f-afd7-8a25e0b4b251/pfo-echo-before-after-closure-illustration.jpg Guides - PFO closure (patent foramen ovale): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated echo, not a real scan. Before: bubbles cross the septum. After: the two discs grip the septum and bubbles stay on the right side. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/90051af6-5d62-41b8-8470-f0f42583e81e/pfo-recovery-timeline.jpg Guides - PFO closure (patent foramen ovale): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After PFO closure: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) ECG, echo, home for many; (3) most activities after about a week, as advised; (4) antiplatelets and a follow-up echo and bubble check. https://rodnieoro.com/home/chronic-total-occlusion-cto monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b7afe0e6-4cd4-45d0-b731-8940ce8e02af/cto-pci-anatomy-proximal-cap-blocked-segment-distal.jpg Guides - Chronic total occlusion (CTO PCI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A CTO: (1) proximal cap; (2) blocked segment; (3) distal cap; (4) collaterals from a donor artery fill the artery beyond. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0cf94f69-d0a2-43f9-8a84-6ad05f26d22d/cto-pci-technique-dual-injection-guide-blocked-artery.jpg Guides - Chronic total occlusion (CTO PCI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Dual injection: (1) one guide in the blocked artery; (2) one in the donor artery. Injecting both together shows the blockage from both ends. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/c798d8fe-9d56-49ac-8bc3-36b64a51c5ff/cto-pci-steps-antegrade-wiring-dissection-entry-adr.jpg Guides - Chronic total occlusion (CTO PCI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: antegrade wiring. B: antegrade dissection and re-entry (ADR). C: retrograde approach via collaterals. Operators often combine them. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8cd79500-bc75-41b6-ad90-94ace97394f7/cto-pci-steps-wire-through-balloon-drug-eluting.jpg Guides - Chronic total occlusion (CTO PCI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire through. B: balloon. C: drug-eluting stent, sized with imaging. D: flow restored. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/258a26d5-d584-4886-98b8-bc67a7db9000/cto-pci-imaging-angiogram-artery-stops-abruptly-open.jpg Guides - Chronic total occlusion (CTO PCI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustration, not a real angiogram. (1) Before: the artery stops abruptly. (2) After: open to the end; the collaterals fade. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7c71f5e3-9aba-4d25-bdc5-bfd6735d0294/cto-pci-recovery-rest-checks-home-many-keep.jpg Guides - Chronic total occlusion (CTO PCI): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After CTO PCI: (1) rest and checks; (2) home for many, keep taking antiplatelets; (3) car driving after 1 week (DVLA Group 1); (4) review and rehab. https://rodnieoro.com/home/tavi-procedure monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/75bdbeaf-39af-4029-84a1-ab9b18700b27/tavi-anatomy-normal-valve-severe-aortic-stenosis.jpg Guides - TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Normal valve vs severe aortic stenosis (AS), cut-open aortic root drawn in systole. Normal: the leaflets open fully against the wall. Severe AS: calcified, stiff leaflets, a narrow fast jet and a thick LV wall. The coronary arteries start from the sinuses just above the valve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6db6b502-180a-456f-bf0f-8a1134d9c0ba/tavi-planning-simulated-patient-annulus-perimeter-area.jpg Guides - TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Simulated TAVI planning CT, not a patient scan. (1) Annulus perimeter and area, used to choose the valve size; (2) height of the left main above the annulus; (3) access arteries from the aorta to the groin: size, calcium and bends. Values are examples. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7650de5f-24ab-4c35-84c8-38c5dee5067b/tavi-access-transfemoral-front-new-valve-aortic.jpg Guides - TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Transfemoral access, front view: (1) new valve at the aortic valve; (2) pacing wire tip in the RV; (3) aorta; (4) valve sheath in the right femoral artery; (5) pacing wire in the femoral vein; (6) small sheath for the pigtail. Close-up A: aim for the common femoral artery over the femoral head, below the inguinal ligament and above the bifurcation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d49c828c-8c68-40ad-92d3-497b346d8452/tavi-steps-stiff-wire-looped-pigtail-sits.jpg Guides - TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: a stiff wire is looped in the LV and a pigtail sits in a cusp. B: the crimped valve is positioned across the annulus at the planned depth. C: the frame opens on its balloon and the old leaflets are pushed aside, with rapid pacing. D: the valve is seated, the coronaries are open and there is no leak back. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/67fc16b2-d6da-4541-a9b0-03ca72427098/tavi-imaging-simulated-fluoroscopy-patient-contrast-calcium.jpg Guides - TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Simulated fluoroscopy, not a patient scan. Contrast, calcium and metal look dark. Before: pigtail in a cusp, calcified leaflets, coronaries filling. After: valve frame seated, coronaries fill, no contrast back into the LV. Echo then checks the gradient and any leak around the valve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/45ce663d-2cd0-4084-a36f-4d0409db5849/tavi-recovery-bed-rest-checks-ecg-watched.jpg Guides - TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After TAVI: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) ECG watched, echo, home for many after 1 to 2 days; (3) car driving may resume after 2 weeks (DVLA Group 1); (4) usual full recovery 6 to 10 weeks. Not to scale. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/f0fe653b-3de0-460b-92c3-f76443200657/tavi-kit-amplatz-left-shaped-diagnostic-catheter.jpg Guides - TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation): a Cath Lab 101 guide Amplatz left (AL) shaped diagnostic catheter, or another catheter for crossing, per operator (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/tricuspid-teer monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/3cf275f2-7210-403a-ae52-2337c324083e/tricuspid-teer-anatomy-normal-regurgitation-leaflets-meet-severe.jpg Guides - Tricuspid TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Normal vs tricuspid regurgitation (TR). (A) Normal: the leaflets meet. (B) Severe TR: the ring is stretched, the leaflets do not meet, and blood leaks back into the right atrium. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/73d605b8-cd14-43fd-8b81-ea514d2529f5/tricuspid-teer-access-right-atrium-clip-above-valve.jpg Guides - Tricuspid TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) right atrium; (2) the clip above the tricuspid valve; (3) right ventricle; (4) inferior vena cava (IVC); (5) sheath in the right femoral vein; (6) superior vena cava (SVC). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1b3c7948-0c0b-4abd-9265-8b77dea10728/tricuspid-teer-technique-simulated-echo-scans-mid-oesophageal.jpg Guides - Tricuspid TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Simulated echo, not real scans. (1) Mid-oesophageal TOE side view; (2) transgastric short-axis view of the anterior (A), septal (S) and posterior (P) leaflets; (3) intracardiac echo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d71b6288-2b51-4670-9e0c-e6830136c022/tricuspid-teer-steps-clip-steered-above-leak-arms.jpg Guides - Tricuspid TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: the clip is steered above the leak. B: the arms open at right angles to the gap. C: the clip goes into the RV and grasps leaflet edges. D: the clip is closed and released. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/704a2718-1369-4ba5-b7f5-bb26ba736610/tricuspid-teer-imaging-simulated-echo-large-colour-jet.jpg Guides - Tricuspid TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Simulated echo, not a real scan. Before: a large colour jet of blood leaking back into the RA. After: the clip holds the leaflets and the jet is much smaller. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2410cfb3-c46a-4b3b-96d4-8b2bfb2b4f48/tricuspid-teer-recovery-bed-rest-checks-echo-next.jpg Guides - Tricuspid TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After tricuspid TEER: (1) bed rest and checks; (2) echo the next day; (3) home after 1 to 3 days; (4) clinic and echo, with diuretics reviewed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/45416041-67c5-4827-bb73-fd97a85764c9/tricuspid-teer-kit-diagnostic-catheter-right-judkins-shape.jpg Guides - Tricuspid TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair): a Cath Lab 101 guide Diagnostic catheter (right Judkins shape in this example), per operator (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/alcohol-septal-ablation-asa monthly 0.5 2026-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/a49d3f54-a91a-4029-be87-9e8834666531/alcohol-septal-ablation-anatomy-normal-heart-hocm-blood-leaves.jpg Guides - Alcohol septal ablation for HOCM: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Normal heart vs HOCM. (1) Normal: blood leaves the left ventricle (LV) freely. (2) HOCM: a thick basal septum and the mitral leaflet pulled towards it (SAM) narrow the outflow tract, often with a leak back into the left atrium (MR). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0b8d7220-e459-45b9-ba63-22c7003d7a8b/alcohol-septal-ablation-technique-coronary-arteries-left-main-stem.jpg Guides - Alcohol septal ablation for HOCM: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The coronary arteries: (1) left main stem; (2) LAD; (3) the first septal perforator, the usual target, which feeds the basal septum; (4) diagonal branches; (5) the RCA, which can send collaterals to the septum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/aacde41b-9cb9-4673-a4c7-ee14a89d2028/alcohol-septal-ablation-access-guide-catheter-wrist-artery-left.jpg Guides - Alcohol septal ablation for HOCM: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Access: (1) a guide catheter from the wrist artery to the left coronary; (2) a temporary pacing wire through the neck vein; (3) its tip in the right ventricle (RV), to pace the heart if heart block occurs; (4) the guide tip at the left coronary. The groin is an alternative. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9b512ce0-ead8-443a-8b94-71d0bec2e198/alcohol-septal-ablation-steps-wire-goes-lad-branch-small.jpg Guides - Alcohol septal ablation for HOCM: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: a wire goes from the LAD into the septal branch. B: a small over-the-wire balloon seals the branch. C: echo contrast confirms the branch feeds the bulge. D: alcohol is injected with the balloon still inflated, protecting the LAD. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0307888a-94a9-41b6-a3aa-f788f30be597/alcohol-septal-ablation-imaging-echo-sam-fast-late-peaking.jpg Guides - Alcohol septal ablation for HOCM: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated echo, not a real scan. Before: SAM and a fast, late-peaking “dagger” Doppler signal (high gradient). After, over weeks to months: no SAM and slower flow (much lower gradient). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8b597b96-98a5-4e75-9b1c-28a248cf1515/alcohol-septal-ablation-recovery-monitored-bed-ecg-day-temporary.jpg Guides - Alcohol septal ablation for HOCM: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After alcohol septal ablation: (1) monitored bed and ECG on the day; (2) temporary pacing wire out after a day or so if the rhythm is stable; (3) home after several days, some with a pacemaker; (4) follow-up echo as the gradient keeps falling over months. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/83973909-64b9-481d-8b30-b454631b0679/alcohol-septal-ablation-kit-right-judkins-diagnostic-catheter-coronary.jpg Guides - Alcohol septal ablation for HOCM: a Cath Lab 101 guide 5 Fr right Judkins (JR4) diagnostic catheter, for the right coronary artery (from the guide kit list; no published kit-page picture) https://rodnieoro.com/home/permanent-pacemaker-ppm-icd monthly 0.5 2026-10-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/20dbdc7f-ad3d-4207-bc76-38ef72ad25a6/ppm-device-lead-positions-single-dual-crt.jpg Guides - Permanent pacemaker (PPM), ICD and CRT: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Where the leads go. (1) Single chamber: one lead in the right ventricle (RV). (2) Dual chamber: leads in the right atrium (RA) and RV. (3) CRT: a third lead runs through the coronary sinus to a vein on the left ventricle (LV). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6c069f6f-0153-4bcf-8b12-007e97e11d75/ppm-heart-conduction-system-heart-block.jpg Guides - Permanent pacemaker (PPM), ICD and CRT: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The heart’s wiring: (1) the SA node starts each beat; (2) the AV node passes it to the ventricles; (3) the His bundle and bundle branches spread it. In heart block the signal is delayed or stopped at or below the AV node. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/eac56027-f945-4273-bb97-009ace23f56e/ppm-venous-access-cephalic-axillary-subclavian-pocket.jpg Guides - Permanent pacemaker (PPM), ICD and CRT: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Ways into the vein: (1) the cephalic vein, opened directly; (2) the axillary vein, by needle; (3) the subclavian vein, by needle under the collarbone. (4) The device sits in a pocket under the skin, above the muscle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1b6c673c-4f41-4a06-96b7-8b503f532eea/ppm-implant-steps-access-lead-placement-testing-pocket.jpg Guides - Permanent pacemaker (PPM), ICD and CRT: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: a vein near the collarbone is entered with a needle, wire and sheath. B: the leads go via the vein into the right atrium and right ventricle under X-ray. C: each lead is tested. D: the device goes in the pocket and the wound is closed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/5ccfb685-2f4b-4bc3-82fc-22b65d7328b5/ppm-ecg-paced-rhythm-illustration.jpg Guides - Permanent pacemaker (PPM), ICD and CRT: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustrated ECG: atrial pacing puts a spike before each P wave; ventricular pacing puts a spike before a wide QRS; dual-chamber pacing shows both. Not a real ECG. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bbd56eea-f9c9-4261-a1e6-4a70bfe3bb98/ppm-recovery-wound-arm-movement-timeline.jpg Guides - Permanent pacemaker (PPM), ICD and CRT: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After a pacemaker: (1) device check and X-ray, home the same or next day; (2) no car driving for at least a week; (3) elbow below shoulder height and no heavy lifting for 4 to 6 weeks; (4) clinic check at about 6 weeks, then regular checks. https://rodnieoro.com/home/ventricular-septal-defect-vsd monthly 0.5 2026-10-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bb20a21f-9910-40bd-9c08-b50bdbdfa815/vsd-normal-heart-vs-vsd-shunt.jpg Guides - Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Left: a normal heart, with the wall (septum) between the lower chambers intact. Right: a VSD. Blood flows through the hole from the left ventricle (LV) to the right ventricle (RV). RA and LA are the right and left atria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/239a860e-817c-4049-b480-b0835d505298/vsd-types-locations-septum.jpg Guides - Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Where a VSD can be: (1) perimembranous, high in the septum near the valves, the most common; (2) inlet or outlet, other parts of the upper septum; (3) and (4) muscular, in the thick lower septum, sometimes several holes. Simplified. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2f0a7309-3025-4f6d-9f47-4bbb97185a69/vsd-access-arteriovenous-wire-loop.jpg Guides - Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The arteriovenous (AV) loop: (1) a catheter goes up the artery into the left ventricle; (2) a wire crosses the hole; (3) a snare from the vein catches it and pulls it out; (4) the delivery sheath follows the wire from the vein side. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/95a386df-b300-47ee-9742-c7d5b6fbad19/vsd-device-closure-steps-measure-left-disc-right-disc-release.jpg Guides - Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The wall between the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV), zoomed in. A: the sheath crosses the hole, which is measured. B: the left-sided disc opens in the LV. C: the waist fills the hole and the right-sided disc opens. D: after checks, the device is released from its cable. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/7f69c863-d127-4be3-a16e-714b36b91fa5/vsd-closed-defect-echo-illustration.jpg Guides - Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustration of the echo pictures: (1) before, a colour jet shows blood flowing through the hole; (2) after, the device sits across the septum and the jet has gone. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/21843b0a-1fd3-4310-9e5f-343a111e9ef9/vsd-recovery-aftercare-timeline.jpg Guides - Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure: a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After VSD device closure: (1) an echo and ECG check, usually home after one or two nights; (2) antiplatelet medicine for several months; (3) clinic, echo and ECG follow-up over time. https://rodnieoro.com/home/left-atrial-appendage-occlusion-laao monthly 0.5 2026-10-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8b93071f-b700-40be-b9a1-7184263aaeb0/laao-heart-left-atrial-appendage-clot-risk.jpg Guides - Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The left atrial appendage (LAA) is a small pouch off the left atrium (LA). In atrial fibrillation, blood can pool and clot here. The circle magnifies a clot inside the pouch. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9d771e37-269a-46b1-8312-fc0ef0164d43/laao-femoral-vein-access-right-atrium.jpg Guides - Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A sheath is placed in the femoral vein (V) at the groin, and catheters travel up the vein to the right atrium (RA). The close-up shows the sheath entering the vein, with the femoral artery just below it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b2ce2a56-0ea2-47f7-9cf0-9fb48caa4d95/laao-transseptal-puncture-left-atrium.jpg Guides - Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A needle and sheath cross the thin wall between the right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA): (1) the puncture site in the septum, (2) the needle tip entering the left atrium. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/bd5a6505-be48-4669-834e-f45a817a2bef/laao-device-steps-sizing-deploy-check-release.jpg Guides - Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The left atrium (left) and the finger-shaped appendage (right). A: the sheath sits in the appendage and the opening (ostium) is measured. B: the occluder starts to open from the sheath inside the appendage. C: fully opened, it seals the opening and its position is checked with a gentle tug on the delivery cable. D: once the seal is confirmed, the cable is released and the device stays in place. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/24feb44f-8e31-4cca-804d-75b9eef69cd5/laao-sealed-appendage-echo-illustration.jpg Guides - Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustration of the echo pictures: (1) before, blood can flow into the open appendage; (2) after, the occluder seals its opening. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/d5b87c4b-dbc7-4ef2-97d6-f447b67d8dc8/laao-recovery-aftercare-timeline.jpg Guides - Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out After LAAO: (1) home the same or next day after an echo check, (2) medicines for a period while the device heals in, (3) a follow-up scan a few weeks to months later. https://rodnieoro.com/home/percutaneous-coronary-intervention-angioplasty monthly 0.5 2026-10-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/e51d9197-7088-4110-97f9-631795913c03/pci-coronary-artery-plaque-vs-stent-diagram.webp Guides - PCI (coronary angioplasty and stents): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Top: plaque narrows a coronary artery and squeezes blood flow. Bottom: after PCI, a stent holds the artery open and flow is restored. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/8870065a-cec3-4a5f-95f6-3fc1c141cd61/pci-angina-plaque-narrowing-coronary-artery.webp Guides - PCI (coronary angioplasty and stents): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out As plaque builds up, the channel for blood gets smaller: (1) healthy artery, (2) moderate narrowing, (3) severe narrowing that can cause angina. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/6d19c940-31a7-4c23-9240-91689980716f/pci-diagram-1-coronary-arteries-narrowing.jpg Guides - PCI (coronary angioplasty and stents): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The coronary arteries run over the surface of the heart. The circle magnifies a narrowing caused by plaque, the target for PCI. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/2169b908-12db-4892-becf-86d8e3b7e24c/pci-diagram-2-radial-femoral-access.jpg Guides - PCI (coronary angioplasty and stents): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Wrist (radial) is the usual route (solid line). Groin (femoral) is used when needed (dashed line). Close-ups: the sheath enters the radial artery just under the skin at the wrist (top) and the larger, deeper femoral artery in the groin (bottom). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/9d914ca6-e508-4197-9ad5-4f374de11827/pci-diagram-3-guide-catheter-guidewire.jpg Guides - PCI (coronary angioplasty and stents): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out The guide catheter (thick teal tube) sits at the opening of the coronary artery. The guidewire (thin teal line) crosses the narrowing and becomes the rail for the balloon and stent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/b5e0f248-531a-4c67-a40d-440c2d6c4c2f/pci-diagram-4-balloon-stent-steps.jpg Guides - PCI (coronary angioplasty and stents): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A: wire across the narrowing. B: balloon inflated to widen it. C: stent expanded on its balloon. D: balloon removed, stent left in place, blood flow restored. The circles show the artery in cross-section at each step. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/04bae4ad-111b-41c4-8255-3c9d8776d047/pci-diagram-5-angiogram-before-after-illustration.jpg Guides - PCI (coronary angioplasty and stents): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out Illustration of what the final pictures show: before PCI, the arrow points to a tight narrowing; after PCI, the same artery is smooth and open. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/0757669b-66e7-40d3-a9b7-a1e5a981657d/pci-radial-compression-band-wrist-diagram.jpg Guides - PCI (coronary angioplasty and stents): a Cath Lab 101 guide - Make it stand out A compression band presses on the wrist puncture while the artery seals. The air in the band is then let out gradually. https://rodnieoro.com/home/cath-lab-abbreviations monthly 0.5 2026-10-22 https://rodnieoro.com/home/advanced-cardiac-imaging-course-2020-11th-edition monthly 0.5 2020-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1608015291869-2L34UUP9S31SYID1DA2T/Screenshot+2020-12-15+at+06.54.28.png Guides - Advanced Cardiac Imaging Course 2020 (11th Edition) https://rodnieoro.com/home/tavi-webinar-notes-routine-to-complex-cases monthly 0.5 2026-10-17 https://rodnieoro.com/home/photo-walk-in-central-london monthly 0.5 2019-04-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865688779-2L0DE87E7E2WR803U0RL/_DSC2349.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865682382-YN6BVRVGH78LK9M4AR8W/_DSC2347.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865708242-W7W2YY9BGMD9RF9GCX5S/_DSC2320.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865713114-36IRMPYBT6OZIG1EXE56/_DSC2301.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865733821-55EXCQGUAU6TDX68BXGS/_DSC2299.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865769641-SFNZXGHBZ1KENQQAXKDK/_DSC2292.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865775152-ENNS88A4PC6CICZQV2DY/_DSC2279.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865815111-AK3QRUJ5C1GNRE9DXVQB/_DSC2261.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865815988-JSUK4TAJZGGMVWFIOFKR/_DSC2259.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865845638-J7DBO6CE5KGHSXOZH74A/_DSC2257.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865856229-QHUK8T4BXHSEHGYC7435/_DSC2254.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865882537-LLCBPXM0673F3PUVOV5J/_DSC2252.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865890585-R7T4L0VCM07GKPX3JE62/_DSC2243.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865926940-5BWA7CHR6K8Y2FEG177E/_DSC2238.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865928841-HQ6QHGE9OAZQD9ZY89IO/_DSC2231.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865961659-352SAB0213XHXEI05O7Z/_DSC2227.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865968845-JE4OH5JUPWG6P8S9H2WD/_DSC2219.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865997852-HQMNYRLIN8VS8B4IZAAM/_DSC2218.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555865997401-JK3J8WT8GUES4C3QSPGV/_DSC2212.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866021863-J7G1Q2SN0GGZYZ7NBKHC/_DSC2207.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866032551-BL757RHESMEN1YWQ4Q7B/_DSC2200.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866046500-36A874SK4XHZFA2Q1DUM/_DSC2198.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866075369-WTJLNJSSP1KP39DWAYPL/_DSC2195.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866065764-JC2EU2GAAG6X5FH5SOC6/_DSC2192.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866088329-WPQP5BQJ0TU8EDYMRK7V/_DSC2189.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866116119-54Y9SIAQEJM44SHNGCXP/_DSC2187.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866249536-EQKGNEF1HXIBCTGWGBDD/_DSC2168.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866264493-5SYXRALMR1GSDMV1D7WU/_DSC2166.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866272988-V9IJVHFOYKK00DXYTKUE/_DSC2165.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866290431-FX954ICJQ8E01FAQPRUI/_DSC2161s.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866298584-QMQWBIRVA8XNU5SU25VH/_DSC2161.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866334625-4350HUH1J4XJZHJFH4ZI/_DSC2158.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866324989-QEUQ8HD1WFVGO2XW1Q28/_DSC2151.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866364527-KGSUZHL85Q2G0SSOPK3H/_DSC2145.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866347669-ZRBB61L5WKCBMENTI5LQ/_DSC2123.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555866359301-UWOEHOCLRY292Y667C4M/_DSC2120.jpg Guides - Photo Walk in Central London https://rodnieoro.com/home/filming-of-the-upcoming-short-film-1st-day monthly 0.5 2019-04-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c9c8c17e3abc50001d21a1c/1555013314532-8I48UD5QZOL47MZG8I02/IMG_3000.JPG Guides - Filming of the upcoming Short Film (1st Day) 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